Previous studies report a negative correlation between analytic thinking, typically assessed with the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT), and religious belief. Recent research, however, revealed ...considerable cross-cultural divergence, suggesting weaker or absent effects in less religious countries. The present research investigated the relationship between analytic thinking and religious belief in three heterogeneous German-speaking samples (N = 3063). In two preregistered re-analyses of existing data sets, analytic thinking as measured with the original CRT and an extended version emerged as a weak, but significant negative predictor of religious belief. However, when controlling for different measures of cognitive ability, this relationship held in some, but not all analyses. Cognitive ability consistently emerged as an independent predictor of (lower) religious belief. A third study closely following prior methodology again found the negative predictive effect of analytic thinking on established and extended measures of religious belief. Taken together, while replicating the relationship between analytic thinking and religious belief in a culture with low levels of religiosity, the present studies provide mixed evidence with respect to the specificity of this effect to an analytic cognitive style. We discuss the implications of these findings for the notion of analytic atheism.
•Three studies investigate analytic atheism in Germany as a low-religiosity culture.•We analyze data from two existing heterogeneous data sets and an original study.•Analytic thinking consistently negatively predicted religious belief.•This relationship was generally weak, but also depended on the measures used.•Only in some analyses, it was robust to controlling for cognitive ability.
Primary microcephaly 7 (MCPH7) is an autosomal recessive human neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by microcephaly, sloping forehead, and prominent midface. The STIL gene encodes a protein that ...regulates the mitotic spindle checkpoint. STIL is the pathogenic gene of MCPH7. Although more than 25 genes have been reported to cause MCPH, many patients lack a molecular diagnosis. The clinical manifestations and genetic factors of MCPH7 remain to be revealed. This research reported two consecutive microcephalic foetuses from unaffected parents. Prenatal ultrasound examination and pre- and postnatal MRI studies were performed. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using blood derived from the umbilical cord, and variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing on the parents. Ultrasound examination showed that the two foetuses suffered primary microcephaly. Using the WGS approach, novel compound heterozygous variants in STIL (c.2344_2347delTTGC, p. Leu782Thrfs*2 in exon 13; c.3838C > T, p. Arg1280Cys in exon 17) were identified in two foetuses with MCPH7. The MRI results of the two siblings were quite similar. Postnatal MRI confirmed the ultrasound and prenatal examinations. The two foetuses had typical microcephaly. Ultrasound and MRI showed that the two foetuses had a thick skull plate, significantly reduced bilateral frontal lobe, upward rotated cerebellum vermis, and dilated fourth ventricle. Our findings have important implications for prenatal diagnosis and genetic counselling for any patients with MCPH7. We extend both the mutational spectrum in the STIL gene and the clinical spectrum of MCPH7.
SCL/TAL1 interrupting locus (STIL)‐T‐cell acute leukaemia (TAL1) fusion genes are present in approximately 11‐27% of children with paediatric T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T‐ALL), but the ...developmental timing of the rearrangement is still unknown. To investigate whether the fusion gene can be detected in neonatal blood spots (NBSs) from paediatric patients diagnosed with T‐cell ALL, we analysed DNA from 38 paediatric patients with T‐ALL by nested polymerase chain reaction and electrophoresis. The STIL‐TAL1 fusion gene was not detected in NBSs from any of the 38 patients with T‐ALL, suggesting that STIL‐TAL1 fusion genes are most probably postnatal events in paediatric T‐ALL.
This first in-depth account of Euripides' relationship with the visual arts demonstrates how frequently the tragedian used language to visual effect, whether through allusion or actual references to ...objects, motifs built around real or imaginary objects, or the use of technical terminology.
Chromosomal instability is a hallmark of cancer and correlates with the presence of extra centrosomes, which originate from centriole overduplication. Overduplicated centrioles lead to the formation ...of centriole rosettes, which mature into supernumerary centrosomes in the subsequent cell cycle. While extra centrosomes promote chromosome missegregation by clustering into pseudo-bipolar spindles, the contribution of centriole rosettes to chromosome missegregation is unknown. We used multi-modal imaging of cells with conditional centriole overduplication to show that mitotic rosettes in bipolar spindles frequently harbor unequal centriole numbers, leading to biased chromosome capture that favors binding to the prominent pole. This results in chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy. Rosette mitoses lead to viable offspring and significantly contribute to progeny production. We further show that centrosome abnormalities in primary human malignancies frequently consist of centriole rosettes. As asymmetric centriole rosettes generate mitotic errors that can be propagated, rosette mitoses are sufficient to cause chromosome missegregation in cancer.
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•Asymmetric bipolar rosette mitoses induce chromosome missegregation•Asymmetric rosette mitoses cause unequal chromosome capture from the two spindle poles•Centrosome aberrations in primary malignancies often consist of centriole rosettes
Extra centrosomes are frequent in human cancers and cause chromosome missegregation via clustering into a pseudo-bipolar mitotic spindle array. Cosenza et al. now demonstrate that centriole rosettes, a transient stage of extra centrosome formation, drive chromosome missegregation in addition to centrosome clustering and are frequently found in primary tumors.
•A new remote sensing detection equipment, airborne streak tube imaging laser radar.•A building zone extraction method from airborne streak tube imaging laser radar data.•A building zone extraction ...method only using single data source, laser radar data.•Extracting suburban residential building zone.
In this paper, we proposed a novel method for extracting suburban residential building zone (SRBZ) from airborne streak tube imaging LiDAR (STIL) data. This method is implemented using a single data source, which avoids the collections of multi-source data and shortens the production cycle of LiDAR data products. The framework of the method is mainly composed of a prediction module, and a correction module. In the correction module, two correction algorithms were proposed, that is, k-nearest neighbor majority voting correction algorithm (k-NNMV) and Gaussian weight based k-nearest neighbor voting correction algorithm (GWk-NNV). Experiment tests show that the framework based on the GWk-NNV has a better SRBZ extraction effect than that of the k-NNMV. The F1 coefficient of the GWk-NNV-based framework reached 80.10%. That proves that the proposed method for extracting SRBZ from airborne STIL data is feasible.
Culture and Cognitive Development Dasen, Pierre R.
Journal of cross-cultural psychology,
08/2022, Letnik:
53, Številka:
7-8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This paper reports my own perceptions of the history of research on culture and cognitive development, in the approximate period 1960 to 2000. I review in particular my own efforts to test Piaget’s ...theory cross-culturally, but also include other lines of research such as research inspired by Vygotsky and research on child rearing/socialization potentially linked to cognitive development. I briefly mention a research program in Bali, Indonesia, India, and Nepal on the geocentric spatial frame of reference that allowed us to disentangle a variety of eco-cultural and linguistic variables that determine the preference for this geocentric cognitive style. I also recall the “integrated framework” that I proposed in 2003 to combine the models proposed by several authors and which serves to integrate all the findings. The main conclusion is that cognitive processes are universal but that there are cultural differences in cognitive styles and pathways of development. I also discuss why the field has lost momentum, whether it is because all the questions have been answered or because new topics and research methods have evolved.
Centrioles are key structural elements of centrosomes and primary cilia. In mammals, only a few proteins including PLK4, CPAP (CENPJ), SAS6, CEP192, CEP152 and CEP135 have thus far been identified to ...be required for centriole duplication. STIL (SCL/TAL1 interrupting locus, also known as SIL) is a centrosomal protein that is essential for mouse and zebrafish embryonic development and mutated in primary microcephaly. Here, we show that STIL localizes to the pericentriolar material surrounding parental centrioles. Its overexpression results in excess centriole formation. siRNA-mediated depletion of STIL leads to loss of centrioles and abrogates PLK4-induced centriole overduplication. Additionally, we show that STIL is necessary for SAS6 recruitment to centrioles, suggesting that it is essential for daughter centriole formation, interacts with the centromere protein CPAP and rapidly shuttles between the cytoplasm and centrioles. Consistent with the requirement of centrioles for cilia formation, Stil(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts lack primary cilia--a phenotype that can be reverted by restoration of STIL expression. These findings demonstrate that STIL is an essential component of the centriole replication machinery in mammalian cells.
Die Besonderheiten der gongorinischen Syntax werden quantitativ im Vergleich zum poetischen Sprachgebrauch seiner Zeit untersucht. Dazu werden wiederkehrende grammatikalische Sequenzen (SGR, n-grams, ...POS-tags) mit einem ähnlichen zeitgenössischen Korpus verglichen. Nach einer theoretischen Betrachtung des Motivbegriffs, wird versucht, das Werk Góngoras stilistisch zu beschreiben, indem eine bestimmte überrepräsentierte Sequenz genauer betrachtet wird. Die zeitgleiche qualitative Analyse ermöglicht es, bestimmte wiederkehrende Sinneffekte zu erkennen, die diese Sequenz als Motiv gelten lassen. Es geht dabei um ein ausgesprochenes Annähern von heterogenen Entitäten, und um eine poetische Reflexion über die Intellektualisierung der Welt (in den Fällen, in denen die Sequenz ein vorangestelltes Komplement integriert), immer vom Besonderen auf das Allgemeine schließend.
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