The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using an infrared camera-based running sensor to measure running speed in athletes and compare it with a stopwatch. With the hope of ...being able to answer the problems that occur in running sports related to the accuracy of the speed measuring device. The research method used in this research is quantitative. The sample used in this study consisted of 20 Indonesian trainers (aged 25-35 years) from various sports. The sample used was obtained from the entire population. The field scheme used in this study can be described as follows. The participants will take turns being asked to do the Illinois (8 Run for Measure Ability and Agility) to collect data using an infrared camera and a stopwatch; data was collected in the form of time that was successfully measured by the participants. Then, T run and short distance (10 m) run are performed. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it is known that the highest distribution of data in the three components measured indicates that the measurement with the stopwatch method is greater than the measurement with the infrared method, or the use of an infrared-based sensor camera. higher accuracy than the stopwatch method in measuring running speed in the T run, Illinois, and the 10 m dash. Thus it can be concluded that the use of an infrared-based sensor camera has higher accuracy than the stopwatch method in measuring running speed. These results are expected to have a positive impact on the sports industry in the future.
Time is one of the factors to assess a worker's performance in utilizing the available resources. Operator in his work requires efficient time to improve work productivity. One of factory in produce ...a shrimp feed in Surabaya has a large production level. In the production process, the packaging department in this company still uses human resources in their production process and the company define the standard of production without using standard time. This paper investigates the opportunity a logical analysis in determining the standard time in this company. The determination of the standard time in the packaging process requires comprehensive analysis. Objects observed are four operators in the packaging department that carried out the activities of filling bag the shrimp feed with 40 replication for each data. The work measurement was conducted by direct method using Stopwatch Time Study (STS) with snap-back method. The results of this study indicate the standard time value of the four lines packaging is not much different or almost the same. Sequentially the standard time workers line 1 to line 4 is 7.325 seconds, 7.240 seconds, 7.225 seconds, and 7.065 seconds. Allowance used for workers is 8%. However, the existing production rate of company is higher than the production rate of work measurement calculation. This is due to the difference of definition in employee allowance rate and performance rating.
The purpose of this study was to develop an algorithm for the detection and timing of foot contact/off timing for each lateral repetition and assess the validity/reliability of the calculated ...timings.
Participants performed a modified Edgren Side Step Test in which they moved laterally along a 4-m path as quickly as possible while wearing an accelerometer on each ankle. Time of completion of each attempt was recorded using a stopwatch and digital video was obtained. Accelerometer-based (ACC) events were determined for the start of the test (START), foot contact at the end-line (FC) and the lifting of the foot when transitioning to the other direction (FO). Based on these ACC events the Overall, Split (ST) and Lag (LT) times were determined and compared to either the stopwatch or video-based timings (
< 0.05). The ACC event criterion was then applied by independent reviewers to assess inter/intra-rater reliability of identifying the events.
There was no significant difference in ACC (12.37 ± 2.19 s) based Overall Time compared to the Stopwatch (12.42 ± 2.25 s,
= 0.34). Bland-Altman plots for ST and LT revealed very good agreement between the ACC time to the Video (ST: Bias = 0.11 s, LOA -0.57 to 0.79; LT: Bias = -0.11 s, LOA -0.43 to 0.22). Intra and inter-rater reliability was moderate to excellent for all reviewer identified events.
This study demonstrates methodology to identify ACC based timings during an agility test. The inclusion of an accelerometer supplements standard timing options with the added benefit of assessing sided split and lag times.
Background Endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke has revolutionized clinical care for patients with stroke and large vessel occlusion, but treatment remains time sensitive. At our stroke ...center, up to half of the door‐to‐groin time is accounted for after the patient arrives in the angio‐suite. Here, we apply the concept of a highly visible timer in the angio‐suite to quantify the impact on endovascular treatment time. Methods This was a single‐center prospective pseudorandomized study conducted over a 32‐week period. Pseudorandomization was achieved by turning the timer on and off in 2‐week intervals. The primary outcome was angio‐suite‐to‐groin time, and secondary outcomes were angio‐suite‐to‐intubation time, groin‐to‐recanalization time, and 90‐day modified Rankin scale. A stratified analysis was performed based on type of anesthesia (ie, endotracheal intubation versus not). Results During the 32‐week study period, 97 mechanical thrombectomies were performed. The timer was on and off for 38 and 59 cases, respectively. The timer resulted in faster angio‐suite‐to‐groin time (28 versus 33 minutes; P =0.02). The 5‐minute reduction in angio‐suite‐to‐groin was maintained after adjusting for intubation status in a multivariate regression ( P =0.02). There was no difference in the 90‐day modified Rankin scale between groups. The timer impact was consistent across the 32‐week study period. Conclusions A highly visible timer in the angio‐suite achieved a meaningful, albeit modest, reduction in endovascular treatment time for patients with stroke. Given the lack of risk and low cost, it is reasonable for stroke centers to consider a highly visible timer in the angio‐suite to improve treatment times.
The aim of the study is to compare the android-based “time measurement and recording tool" (ZÖKA) application which has been developed to be used in time studies in forestry works and the "time ...analysis" (TA) program, which is a Windows operating system-based time recording software, with each other and with a digital stopwatch in terms of data precision and usage characteristics. This study was carried out in order to eliminate the questions about the performance of ZÖKA and TA program developed for the purpose of time studies, their positive and negative aspects compared to the chronometer, and which one could be more effective. During the wood-based harvesting activities, the working times of the debarking work were recorded with real-time by video recorders. The recorded images were watched with the help of video player software and the actual times of the work elements (which were later used as control data) were determined by the indirect observation method. Time measurements were made on the same images with the same surveyor using a digital stopwatch, ZÖKA application and TA program. The obtained data were compared with the control data and with each other in terms of data sensitivity. A simple comparison was made by considering the usage features of the stopwatch, ZÖKA application and TA program, and the structural characteristics of these three tools. It has been determined that the ZÖKA application can measure and record more sensitive data and is more effective with eye-hand and ear-hand coordination in time measurements of jobs with short-term work periods (3 seconds and less). It has been revealed that the TA software is also more sensitive than the digital chronometer and has the advantage of recording data, especially in cases where the duration of the work slices exceeds 5 seconds and especially indirect observations are made. ZÖKA application can be used with precision in time studies, especially in measuring short-term work cycles.
Background:
The double stopwatch (DSW) method for determining the onset of analgesic activity has been implemented extensively by investigators studying orally administered drugs.
Objective:
The aim ...of this randomised, placebo-controlled trial was to use the DSW method to determine the time to onset of analgesia of a single dose of a topically administered non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, flurbiprofen 8.75 mg lozenge.
Methods:
Adults with acute sore throat (n = 122) were examined to confirm the presence of tonsillopharyngitis (Tonsillo-Pharyngitis Assessment) and sore throat pain of at least moderate intensity (≥6 on a 0–10 Sore Throat Scale). Lozenges containing flurbiprofen 8.75 mg or inert ingredients (identically flavoured) were administered under double-blind conditions in the clinic while patients assessed pain and pain relief over 3 hours. Onset of analgesia was determined using the DSW method and reported as the Kaplan–Meier median time to meaningful relief. The median time to first perceived relief was also documented.
Results:
About 78% of flurbiprofen-treated patients reported meaningful pain relief compared with 48% of placebo-treated patients (p < 0.01); median time to meaningful relief for flurbiprofen-treated patients was 43 minutes (placebo-treated patients were right-censored due to non-responsivity; p = 0.01). Median time to first perceived pain relief was 11 minutes for flurbiprofen-treated patients and 19 minutes for placebo-treated patients (p = 0.03). Flurbiprofen lozenge was well tolerated, with no serious adverse events occurring and no patient discontinuing due to an adverse event.
Conclusion:
These results indicate that the DSW method can be successfully applied to the evaluation of the onset of action of a locally administered analgesic in patients with acute sore throat, demonstrating that the onset of action (time to meaningful pain relief) of flurbiprofen lozenge was <45 minutes.
The authors evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels compared with those of a vehicle (placebo) gel for the temporary relief of toothache pain. They also ...assessed the compliance with the label dose administration directions on the part of participants with toothache pain.
Under double-masked conditions, 576 participants self-applied study gel to an open tooth cavity and surrounding oral tissues. Participants evaluated their pain intensity and pain relief for 120 minutes. The authors determined the amount of gel the participants applied.
The responders' rates (the primary efficacy parameter), defined as the percentage of participants who had an improvement in pain intensity as exhibited by a pain score reduction of at least one unit on the dental pain scale from baseline for two consecutive assessments any time between the five- and 20-minute points, were 87.3 percent, 80.7 percent and 70.4 percent, respectively, for 20 percent benzocaine gel, 10 percent benzocaine gel and vehicle gel. Both benzocaine gels were significantly (P ≤ .05) better than vehicle gel; the 20 percent benzocaine gel also was significantly (P ≤ .05) better than the 10 percent benzocaine gel. The mean amount of gel applied was 235.6 milligrams, with 88.2 percent of participants applying 400 mg or less.
Both 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels were more efficacious than the vehicle gel, and the 20 percent benzocaine gel was more efficacious than the 10 percent benzocaine gel. All treatments were well tolerated by participants. Practical Implications. Patients can use 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels to temporarily treat toothache pain safely.
ABSTRACTLarson, DP and Noonan, BC. A simple video-based timing system for on-ice team testing in ice hockeya technical report. J Strength Cond Res 28(9)2697–2703, 2014—The purpose of this study was ...to describe and evaluate a newly developed on-ice timing system for team evaluation in the sport of ice hockey. We hypothesized that this new, simple, inexpensive, timing system would prove to be highly accurate and reliable. Six adult subjects (age 30.4 ± 6.2 years) performed on ice tests of acceleration and conditioning. The performance times of the subjects were recorded using a handheld stopwatch, photocell, and high-speed (240 frames per second) video. These results were then compared to allow for accuracy calculations of the stopwatch and video as compared with filtered photocell timing that was used as the “gold standard.” Accuracy was evaluated using maximal differences, typical error/coefficient of variation (CV), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between the timing methods. The reliability of the video method was evaluated using the same variables in a test-retest analysis both within and between evaluators. The video timing method proved to be both highly accurate (ICC0.96–0.99 and CV0.1–0.6% as compared with the photocell method) and reliable (ICC and CV within and between evaluators0.99 and 0.08%, respectively). This video-based timing method provides a very rapid means of collecting a high volume of very accurate and reliable on-ice measures of skating speed and conditioning, and can easily be adapted to other testing surfaces and parameters.
A recently developed fast-release aspirin tablet formulation has been evaluated in two different pain models. The dental impaction pain model and the sore throat pain model are widely used for ...assessing analgesia, including acute mild-to-moderate pain. Both studies were double-blind, randomized, parallel group and compared a single dose of 1000 mg aspirin with 1000 mg paracetamol and with placebo and investigated the onset and overall time course of pain relief. Speed of onset was measured by the double-stopwatch method for time to meaningful pain relief and time to first perceptible pain relief. Pain intensity and pain relief were rated subjectively over a 6-h (dental pain) and 2-h (sore throat pain) time period. In both models fast-release aspirin and commercial paracetamol were statistically significantly different from placebo for onset of action, summed pain intensity differences and total pain relief. Meaningful pain relief was achieved within a median of 42.3 and 42.9 min for aspirin and paracetamol, respectively, in the dental pain model. The corresponding numbers in sore throat pain were 48.0 and 40.4 min. All treatments in both studies were safe and well tolerated. No serious adverse events were reported and no subject was discontinued due to an adverse event. Overall the two studies clearly demonstrated efficacy over placebo in the two pain models and a comparable efficacy and safety profile between aspirin and an equivalent dose of paracetamol under the conditions of acute dental pain and acute sore throat pain.
Trial registration
These trials were registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, registration number: NCT01420094, registration date: July 27, 2011 and registration number: NCT01453400, registration date: October 13, 2011.
One of the most important subjects in the production field is time study that is the base of many decisions such as the determination of the number of operators and machines. A usual method in time ...study is using stopwatch method. In this method, after recording the observation times, a performance measure is allocated for it to determine the normal time and by adding the allowances to the normal time, the standard time is determined. In this process, a real performance measure has an effective role. So, some methods are developed for it. A usual method for determination the performance measure is Westinghouse method. Unfortunately, this method uses only certain data. However, in the real-world, the determination of exact and certain value for processing time is not possible. So, the results of the real-world situation specially in high volume production are different from the forecasting. In this situation, fuzzy logic can be used as an effective tool for solving this problem. So, in this paper we try to use fuzzy logic in the Westinghouse method for better time studying. Also, a numerical example is solved in details that can have the better results for these conditions.
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