In a drag race, which is often held by race organizers. The process of determining the jump start and determining who crosses the first finish line still relies on human monitoring. Manually ...recording (stopwatch) is not enough because there are many inhibiting factors, including: operator, start theft by drivers, recording results, damage to the stopwatch and others. The drag race is often held during the day. The hot weather will cause someone to get tired quickly, in this case it is aimed at the person who is the operator who monitors the theft of the start and the operator at the finish line because the person is in the middle of a very hot track. Based on the reasons mentioned above, it is necessary to have a controller and timer system on the ATMega8535 microcontrollerbased drag race. Making this tool will facilitate the work of humans in obtaining information in the racing arena that does not allow humans to do it manually, so that accurate data is obtained.Keywords: Atmega 8535 microcontroller, jump start, stopwatch
A framework is introduced for monitoring the interrupting faults in the timed discrete events systems. We introduce the notion of acceptable behavior of the system subjected to these faults: ...permanent or intermittent. The acceptable behavior of a system is modeled by a stopwatch automaton. The timed sub-spaces in the locations of the automaton delimit exactly the range of the acceptable behavior. They are synthesized using the techniques of reachability analysis of stopwatch automata in a way to detect the system faults as early as possible.
Resumen
El análisis de la velocidad de carrera mediante sensores láser permite la obtención de datos en tiempo real siendo ventajosos frente a otros sistemas. El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar ...la validez y fiabilidad del sensor láser del sistema BioLaserSportÒ para el cálculo de velocidades medias y máximas mediante estadísticos relativos y absolutos. Los participantes fueron 17 varones (20.85 ± 1.54 años). Se utilizó un sensor láser tipo 1 (LDM301, Jenoptik, Germany) que registró posiciones de los deportistas a 2000 Hz. Los datos se trataron con la rutina DSL-30 creada con DasyLab v.10.0. Para la validación se utilizó un sistema de fotogrametría-2D con una cámara de alta velocidad (Exilim High Speed EX-F1, Casio) y SkillSpector v.1.3.2. (Video4coach, Grubbemollevej). Además, se utilizaron foto-células de doble haz (Polifemo Light, Microgate, Italy) y un cronómetro Racetime2 (Microgate, Italy). Se registraron, durante dos días, tres series de 30 m de carrera a máxima velocidad. El sensor láser proporcionó, con relación a la fotogrametría, diferencias en las velocidades medias y máximas de -0.11 m·s-1 y 0.14 m·s-1, respectivamente, con unos coeficientes de correlación superiores a 0.86, y mayores de 0.92 con las foto-células para las velocidades medias. Este mostró una excelente fiabilidad test-retest para las velocidades medias con un coeficiente de correlación intraclase (ICC) entre 0.7-0.9 y un error estándar de la media (SEM y SEM%), intrasesión e intersesión, menor de 0.05 m·s-1 y 0.12 m·s-1, respectivamente, y menores de 0.75% y de 2%, respectivamente. Para las velocidades máximas, los valores fueron menores de 0.10 m·s-1 y 0.17 m·s-1, respectivamente, y en ambos casos menores a 1.36% y 1,89%. El láser fue capaz de identificar mínimos cambios detectables (MDC y MDC%) intrasesión, para ambas variables, menores a 0.14 m·s-1 y 0.29 m·s-1, respectivamente (< 2.09% y < 3.76%) e intersesión, menores de 0.34 m·s-1 y 0.47 m·s-1 (< 5.56% y < 5.25%), respectivamente. En consecuencia, es un instrumento útil para el análisis de la evolución de la velocidad intrasujeto y entre sujetos en la carrera de velocidad entre 0-30 m, proporcionando resultados en tiempo real, pero se han de considerar los SEM, SEM%, MDC y MDC% para valorar la mejora del rendimiento.
Abstract
Speed running analysis using laser sensors allows to obtain data in real-time showing an advantage compared with other systems. The objective of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the laser sensor of the BioLaserSport® system for the calculation of mean and maximum velocities using relative and absolute statistics tools. The participants were 17 men (20.85 ± 1.54 years). A laser sensor type 1 (LDM301, Jenoptik, Germany) was used to record positions of the subjects to 2000 Hz. The data were analyzed using DSL-30 routine created with DasyLab v.10.0. A Photogrammetry-2D system with a high-speed camera (Exilim High Speed EX-F1, Casio) and SkillSpector v.1.3.2. (Video4coach, Grubbemollevej) and a reference system 4 x 2 m2 was used. Furthermore, a double photocell (Polifemo Light, Microgate, Italy) with an electronic stopwatch (Microgate, Italy) Racetime2 was used. Three series of 30 m sprint were recorded during two days. The results indicated that the laser sensor provided differences in mean and maximum velocities of -0.11 m·s-1 and 0.14 m·s-1, respectively. The correlation coefficients were higher than 0.86 in relation to photogrammetry and higher than 0.92 in relation to photo-cells. The laser system showed an excellent test-retest reliability for mean velocities with a coefficient of correlation intraclass (ICC) between 0.7-0.9. The standard error of the mean (SEM and SEM%), intra-session e inter-session, were lower than, 0.05 m·s-1 and 0.12 m·s-1, respectively, and in both cases less than 0.75% and 2%, respectively . In relation to maximum velocities, the values were lower than 0.10 m·s-1 and 0.17 m·s-1, respectively, and in both cases less than 1.36% and 1,89%. The minimum detectable change (MDC and MDC%) intra-session, for both variables, was lower than 0.14 m·s-1 and 0.29 m·s-1, respectively, (< 2.09% y < 3.76%). In relation to inter-session, the values were lower than 0.34 m·s-1 and 0.47 m·s-1 (< 5.56% y < 5.25%), respectively. Therefore, the laser system was a useful tool to analyze the evolution of the intra-subject and inter-subject velocity in a 30 m sprint running. Moreover, it provides results in real time, although assessing performance improvements must be considered the SEM, SEM%, MDC and MDC% values.
This was a randomized, controlled, four-way crossover study in 45 subjects with a tendency to suffer from moderate heartburn following some meals. The study was designed to assess the time to onset ...of the perceived soothing and cooling effects of the alginate raft-forming products, Gaviscon Liquid (peppermint), Gaviscon Double Action Liquid (peppermint) and Gaviscon Powder Formulation (fresh tropical), compared with a non-active sublingual control. All three Gaviscon products provided significantly faster soothing and cooling effects compared with the control. Based on the upper 95% confidence limits for the median, time to onset of soothing was perceived within 3.15 min, 3.08 min and 4.05 min for Gaviscon Liquid, Double Action Liquid and Powder Formulation, respectively. Similarly, time to onset of cooling was perceived within 1.95 min, 1.23 min and 11.22 min for Gaviscon Liquid, Double Action Liquid and Powder Formulation, respectively. The results show that Gaviscon Liquid and Gaviscon Double Action soothe within 3.15 min and cool within 1.95 min.
Verification of real-time application schedulability is usually performed using a very abstract representation of the system which poorly supports inter-task dependencies. This paper presents the use ...of model-checking techniques to check the schedulability on a detailed model of a multi-core operating system. The operating system as a whole is modeled by a High-level Petri net reproducing the control flow and using the same variables as those of the implementation. Each task of the application is represented by a Stopwatch Petri Net whose transitions carry Best-Case Execution Time and Worst-Case Execution Time BCET, WCET firing intervals and make service calls to the OS. Preemption is supported by means of stopwatches. Verification is performed using observers and allows to determine the schedulability of the multi-core application, or, using parameters on the firing intervals, allows determining under which temporal conditions the application is schedulable.
PiChrono is an innovative project focused on the development of an economically viable 3-in-1 timekeeping device utilizing the cutting-edge Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ platform and harnessing the immense ...potential of the Python. This endeavor aims to deliver a precise, reliable, and multifunctional timekeeping solution that seamlessly integrates advanced time measurement and chronograph functionalities into a compact and accessible device. Leveraging the high-performance computing capabilities of the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+, PiChrono achieves unprecedented accuracy in timekeeping. By integrating a state-of-the-art real-time clock (RTC) module, enhanced with advanced quartz crystal technology, PiChrono ensures meticulous synchronization with global time standards such as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and Global Positioning System (GPS) signals. Furthermore, PiChrono's incorporation of a highly accurate chronograph functionality enables precise measurement and recording of elapsed time, rendering it invaluable in sports events, scientific experiments, and industrial processes that necessitate accurate timing. Python's extensive support for time measurement and data analysis enables the development of sophisticated chronograph capabilities within the PiChrono device, facilitating the seamless integration of precise timing functionalities. The PiChrono project represents a groundbreaking leap in the realm of affordable timekeeping devices, amalgamating the cost-effectiveness and versatility of the RPi 3 Model B+ with unparalleled computational capabilities and extensive library support of the Python language. By harnessing the synergy between h/w and s/w, PiChrono revolutionizes the landscape of precise and multifunctional timekeeping, empowering users across diverse sectors to optimize efficiency, accuracy, and time management. The future of accessible, customizable, and result-oriented timekeeping lies within the of PiChrono.
This paper describes the construction of an inexpensive photogate timer that uses a flashlight-infrared phototransistor photogate and a simple electronic circuit that triggers an electronic ...stopwatch. This photogate timer uses readily available parts and is relatively easy to construct.
This paper deals with agent location and loss detection in a mobile agent based workflow automation scheme. A protocol for population control of agents evolving through Internet is proposed. It is ...supported by the handling of allowed timing in agent mission execution, allowing passive and active termination of agents, opportune localization of agents and orphan detection. The protocol is specified using stopwatch Petri nets allowing a clear definition of tasks requiring the handling of time.
An Enhanced Digital Stopwatch for Academic Purposes Ravi, Samukannu; Zungeru, Adamu Murtala; Mtengi, Bokani ...
Proceedings of the 2019 2nd International Conference on Electronics and Electrical Engineering Technology,
09/2019
Conference Proceeding
To address the problem of timing in our secondary schools, we present a design, simulation and implementation of an enhanced timing system for academic purposes. The system involves the design of a ...digital stopwatch for Ditsweletse Community Junior Secondary School in Botswana to be used in timing examinations and tests, laboratory experiments to enhance national and international competitiveness among students and promote scientific analysis for students. The system is divided into five major blocks that house different circuits and combined to perform the function of an enhanced digital stop watch. This division includes; Power supply, timing circuit, counter circuit, decoder, and display circuits. The system was designed and simulated using Proteus 8, a circuit building software used for building electronics system. The system was simulated, and simulation results were in accordance to the design specifications.
The tendencies of the market suggest products of easy and comfortable preparation, investigations of market in the city of Pasto so showed it, with an acceptance of the 86% for the presentation of ...meat of cuy vacuum packed in tray, by the comfort for the consumers at its preparation moment. The objective of the present investigation was the design of the process of vacuum packed. The employed methodology was the direct observation with a filming camera and the registration of the times of the operations with chronometer, calculating the time averages of the observations (TR), the normal time (TN) and the time type or standard (TP). As a consequence nine operations were designed, in which the variables of the process were identified, machinery and teams, thus same managed to determine the productive capacity for an operative in time type (TP), which was of 128 rooms of meat of cuy vacuum packed in a working day of 8 hours.
Las tendencias del mercado sugieren productos de fácil y cómoda preparación, así lo demostraron
investigaciones de mercado en la ciudad de Pasto, con una aceptación del 86% para la presentación de carne de cuy empacada en bandeja a vacío, por la comodidad para los consumidores al momento de su preparación. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue el diseño del proceso de empacado al vacío. La metodología empleada fue la observación directa con cámara de filmación y el registro de los tiempos de las operaciones con cronometro, calculando los tiempos promedios de las observaciones (TR), el tiempo normal (TN) y el tiempo tipo o estándar (TP). Como resultado se diseñaron nueve operaciones, en las cuales se identificaron las variables del proceso, maquinaria y equipos, así mismo se logró determinarla capacidad de producción para un operario en tiempo tipo (TP), la cual fue de 128 cuartos de carne de cuy empacada a vacío en una jornada laboral de 8 horas.
PDF
