Analytical hierarchy process is a method suitable for making decisions in all phases of strategic planning. The aim of this paper is to point out some of the specific features of strategic planning ...as well as the specific features of this method and the possibilities of its application in all its individual phases. The method makes it possible to incorporate numerous variables, or various objective and subjective factors that might influence decision-making. The possibilities of its application in all individual phases of strategic planning are completely unlimited and have not been used enough. Until now, using this method has not been discussed enough in the Republic of Croatia and the method has been insufficiently applied. The paper shows the "tools" which could be used for making strategic marketing decisions in chosen situations. This method can help improve the quality of decision-making in all individual phases of strategic planning. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- The first major change within the TV system since the introduction of color
is the digitalization of television terrestrial ...broadcast network. The
digital switchover is one of the main challenges in video and audio
technology developments and it is going to happen in the very near future
throughout the world. Besides the severe technical requirements, this process
is driven by significant financial investments, regarding to an enormous
number of standard TV sets and widespread broadcast networks. Consequently,
it is necessary, wherever is possible in distribution network, to ensure the
compatibility with existing systems. On the contrary, digitization of
high-resolution video and audio signals needs highly sophisticated algorithms
with high compression and very efficient transmission technology. There are
three international standards currently used world-wide for digital
terrestrial broadcasting - Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) used
in North America and South Korea, Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial
(DVB-T) used apart from Europe in Australia, India and some other Asian and
African countries, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting Terrestrial
(ISDB-T), used in Japan and South America. The focus of this dissertation is
the performance analysis and efficiency estimation method applied to the
technologies for fixed reception used in our region – Europe. The three main
transmission systems for delivering TV service to end-users are satellite,
cable and terrestrial networks. The digital terrestrial television (DTT)
system is capable of distribution of television content even to the mobile
devices. Data-casting services and high-definition (HD) television content is
available via digital satellite and digital cable networks but, until now,
terrestrial users have not received data and HD content because its
transmission requires a higher channel capacity than that used for standard
definition (SD) TV - Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial (DVB-T) and
Moving Picture Expert Group MPEG-2 coding and compression standard. The
latest technologies, like compression standard MPEG-4 part 10 and the second
generation of digital terrestrial broadcasting standard (DVB-T2), provide
increased capacity and ruggedness in the terrestrial transmission networks.
But besides technical benefits it is evident that the latest technologies
bring also a higher system cost. The viability of digital broadcasting
business case is directly influenced by this techno-economic issue. This
dissertation introduces a multidisciplinary approach to the problem, and take
into account the cost and revenue items when evaluate the implementation of
new technology. Therefore, this dissertation develops a method of estimating
the benefits of digital dividend gained by using new (DVB-T2 and MPEG-4 part
10) technologies compared to traditional digital technologies (DVB-T and
MPEG-2). The infrastructure of digital terrestrial broadcasting system that
uses the latest technologies is capable to introduce the broadband services
to un-served or under-served regions and upgrade networks to very-high-speed
access. The dissertation emphasise also the broader economic impact of the
digital broadcasting technologies implementation. The broadband penetration
in any country could be increased by using the digital dividend for new
services. There is a clear relationship between broadband penetration and GDP
per capita. Because of the nature of VHF/UHF broadcast system the broadband
service could be offered to almost the whole population of the country
(depends on the coverage rules). The access network is already in place;
there is a need only for TV antenna on the rooftop. The results of the
analysis for Serbia shows that the DVB-T/T2 service availability of over 90%
of the population implicates the increase of GDP per capita for around 5%, if
new service is provided using public-service broadcaster network. In this
dissertation the aim of the digital broadcasting strategy is the maximization
of the digital dividend benefits. The best results are achieved by using such
elements as the efficient compression standard that decrease the bit rate for
one TV program, the efficient transmission technology that increase the
capacity within one UHF channel and the network architecture that insert the
large number of local TV programs. After the detailed analysis and comparison
of compression (MPEG-2 and MPEG-4) and specially transmission technologies
(DVB-T and DVB-T2) the appropriate conclusions are derived. It is well known
that for the same quality of video signal MPEG-4 compression can achieve with
the half of the bit rate compared to MPEG-2 compression standard. More
important and detailed analysis, the analysis of transmission system, showed
that the second-generation digital terrestrial broadcast technology, DVB-T2,
achieves higher efficiency in its use of terrestrial spectrum, compared to
DVB-T. It is also concluded that the DVB-T2 is considerably more robust than
previous DVB-T, due to several important new technological features explained
in the dissertation. For instance, if the spectral efficiency of Ricean
channel is compared by keeping the equal signal-to-noise ratio for both
standards (Quasi Error Free - QEF quality), in realistic situations with
DVB-T2 the bit rate is increased by around 70%. If the robustness of the
Ricean channel is compared by keeping approximately the equal bit rate for
both standards, QEF quality DVB-T2 standard can achieve with around 8 dB
lower signal-to-noise ratio. The network architecture with the local TV
program insertion is the third element for maximizing digital dividend. Three
IP/MPLS based architecture models are proposed. The key parameters evaluation
(local content offer, regional complexity, video transport capacity, digital
dividend) of proposed models ended with conclusion that the model with local
insertion of local content is the best solution. Modern principles of
management in strategic planning lead this research to not only technology
analysis but also economic and market aspects that in information and
communication technologies play more often the key role in decision making
process. After the research is done, one solution for the problem of the
digital broadcasting technologies selection was developed. The solution for
finding the most efficient technology uses mathematical model and
incorporates technical and commercial parameters as well as market dependant
aspects. By using this simulation model it is possible to comprehensively
value the system and precisely evaluate the effects of digital dividend. The
algorithm of techno-economic analysis consists of four phases: problem
analysis, modeling, model evaluation and model refining. The goal of this
research is accomplished by the development of the simulation model through
mentioned four phases. The simulation model is developed in the form of
mathematical equations. The algorithm of techno-economic analysis is executed
by successive calculations of the equations. This dissertation analyses the
technical parameters for deploying the latest broadcast technologies and
proposes a model that evaluates the economic efficiency of the latest
broadcast technologies that appear primarily in two combinations,
MPEG-4/DVB-T and MPEG-4/DVB-T2. In the model the economic efficiency is
calculated as the break-even point, the point in the time line where the
profit is achieved. Before break-even point the revenue from services enabled
by new technologies is lower than the cost of the system. This basic
simulation model is simple and flexible. The basic model is applied to the
Serbian broadcast market. If MPEG-4 and DVB-T2 standards are used, the
results from simulation show that the broadcast network profitability could
be achieved: in less than three years for one multiplex system or immediately
for multiple-multiplex system. After the evaluation of the basic model the
conclusion is that there are more realistic scenarios, primarily for the
revenue sources. The model is improved and refined by comparing directly
DVB-T2 and DVB-T (applying only MPEG-4 compression), applying the model to
multiple multiplex scenario (not one multiplex scenario for which the basic
model was originally developed), estimating PayTV service acceptance rate by
Bass Diffusion Model (instead wholesale Internet access service as the
revenue source) and evaluating the break-even point for the overall
investment in DVB-T2 broadcasting infrastructure (not the cost difference
between two combinations of technologies), based on the revenue from capacity
gain due to DVB-T2 technology improvements. The application of Bass Diffusion
Model to PayTV service within DVB-T2 system is very important component of
this improved model. The improved model is applied to the Serbian broadcast
market. The results from simulation show that if for the revenue we use only
PayTV service, the DVB-T2 broadcast network profitability could be achieved
in approximately three years if four multiplexes/RF channels are used, or
even faster (two years) - depending on the market situation. With the further
refinement of the improved model, if for the revenue we use PayTV service and
the frequency spectrum auction (digital dividend spectrum sold for the
purpose of broadband mobile services) at the same time, for more than four
multiplexes the profitability is achieved immediately. The simulation model
could be applied to any network operator with different technical, market and
commercial values of the parameters, as well as with different parameters of
Bass diffusion model and regulatory framework of spectrum auction for
different countries.- Digitalizacija zemaljskog emitovanja televizijskih programa prva je velika
promena u TV sistemima još od uvođenja kolor televizije. Prelazak sa
analognog na digitalno emitovanje predstavlja jedan od najvećih izazova
Menadžment je proces pomoću kojeg se transformiraju inputi u outpute čemu prethodi planiranje koje omogućuje bolje usmjeravanje organizacije, veću fleksibilnost i bolju koordinaciju rada. Za svaku ...organizaciju dobro je da posjeduje strategiju. Strategijski menadžment stvara zajednički pogled koji usmjerava odluke, akcije i ljude u organizaciji. Etape procesa strateškog menadžmenta čine srž samog procesa i njegove glavne komponente. Stoga se kroz etape procesa i objašnjava ključni pojam problematike ovog rada. Razmišljajući strategijski, menadžeri posjeduju širi i dugoročniji pogled na budućnost organizacije i ostvaruju ključni razlog zašto organizacije uopće planiraju. Pri tome imaju mogućnost saznanja okruženja svoje odgovornosti i obveza te ostvaruju zacrtane ciljeve u većem opsegu i na dulji rok sukladno strateškom planiranju. Stoga se i povezuju pojmovi strateškog menadžmenta i strateškog planiranja, jer bez kvalitetnih planova upravljanje određenom organizacijom nema smisla. Aktivnosti strateških planova se dijele na više i niže razine menadžmenta, pa tako formuliranje strategije ostaje višim razinama a implementacija nižim. To su opće aktivnosti usmjerene na budućnost organizacije. Strateški menadžer mora imati strategiju koju može implementirati u organizaciju i na taj način on razmišlja dugoročno uzimajući u obzir sve okolnosti poslovanja.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Road transport of goods is facing many challenges that threaten the
productivity, efficiency and quality of service provided. Having ...in mind the
economic relevance of road transport, these challenges deserve due care and
attention by the public sector, as well as appropriate transport policy
measures to eliminate or mitigate their effects. The subject of this
dissertation covers the elements of the transport policy and the decision
making process governing their implementation in international road transport
of goods. The main objective is to define a methodology to support the
decision making process in carrying out a transport policy, with an emphasis
on the development of the transport policy elements related to international
road transport of goods and stakeholders' participation. In the opening
segment of the dissertation, the focus is on the description, discussion and
classification of the basic terms pertaining to a) strategic transport
planning and the elements of a resulting national transport policy document,
and b) the process of policy making. A comparative method has been used to
analyze strategic transport policy documents of European countries, whereas
the policy instruments of relevance to international road transport of goods
have been identified and arranged in a systematic order by empirical
comparison. The research resulted in a specific methodology to assess the
impact of a transport policy with a successful effect on international road
transport of goods, and described the phases of the procedure in a general
case. The methodology has been defined by a compilation method and modelling.
The methods to analyze the situation and stakeholders, and to identify,
select and rank the international road transport of goods subsystem problems
were presented. The focus then shifts to the definition of objectives and
criteria for the selection of instruments to achieve them. Further, a
framework for the system of indicators has been set, along with the selection
procedure for individual indicators taken from the literature and a modified,
complex indicator adjusted to the use in international road transport of
goods. A detailed description follows of the developed model for the impact
assessment of transport policy instruments on international road transport,
involving multi-criteria ranking by means of Analytic Network Process. The
prospect of implementing the defined methodology and model has been
demonstrated and proven by the example of international road transport in the
Republic of Serbia. The result is a proposal of policy instruments with the
greatest positive impact on international road transport of goods problems
resolution. The proposed instruments should be further submitted to the
detailed assessment in the policy formulation process, before the final
decision on their implementation is made.- Drumski transport robe se susreće sa mnogim izazovima koji predstavljaju
pretnju produktivnosti, efikasnosti i kvalitetu usluge koja se pruža. Kako je
drumski transport značajan za privredu ovi izazovi zahtevaju pažnju javnog
sektora i preduzimanje mera saobraćajne politike kojima će se njihovi efekti
otkloniti ili ublažiti. Predmet ove disertacije su elementi saobraćajne
politike i način donošenja odluka o njihovoj primeni u međunarodnom drumskom
transportu robe. Cilj je da se definiše metodologija za podršku odlučivanju u
sferi vođenja politike u oblasti transporta, i to u delu razvoja elemenata
saobraćajne politike koji se odnose na međunarodni drumski transport robe, uz
afirmaciju učešća zainteresovanih strana. Na početku rada pažnja je posvećena
prikazu, raspravi i sistematizaciji osnovnih pojmova kako procesa strateškog
planiranja transporta i elemenata rezultujućeg dokumenta nacionalne
saobraćajne politike, tako i procesa stvaranja i primene politike.
Komparativnom metodom detaljno su analizirani strateški dokumenti saobraćajne
politike evropskih država i identifikovani su i sistematizovani, metodom
empirijske klasifikacije, instrumenti politike koji utiču na međunarodni
drumski transport robe. Prikazana je definisana metodologija za ocenu uticaja
politike koja će proizvesti uspešno delovanje na međunarodni drumski
transport robe, odnosno opisani su koraci postupka u opštem slučaju.
Metodologija je definisana metodom kompilacije i modeliranjem. Prezentirani
su način na koji se analizira stanje, analiziraju zainteresovane strane i
identifikuju, selektuju i rangiraju problemi podsistema međunarodnog drumskog
transporta robe. Potom se pažnja posvećuje definisanju ciljeva i
kriterijumima za izbor instrumenata za njihovo dostizanje. U nastavku je dat
okvir sistema indikatora i postupak za izbor pojedinačnih indikatora koji je
preuzet iz literature kao i modifikovan kompleksan indikator koji je
prilagođen korišćenju za međunarodni drumski transport robe. Detaljno je
opisan razvijeni model za ocenu uticaja instrumenata saobraćajne politike na
međunarodni drumski transport višekriterijumskim rangiranjem primenom
Analitičkog mrežnog procesa. Mogućnost primene definisane metodologije i
modela je pokazana i dokazana na primeru međunarodnog drumskog transporta u
Republici Srbiji. Primena je rezultirala predlogom instrumenata politike koji
mogu imati najveći uticaj na rešavanje problema sa kojima se suočava
međunarodni transport robe u Republici Srbiji i koji će se dalje detaljno
razmatrati u procesu formulacije politike da bi se donela konačna odluka o
njihovoj primeni.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
S obzirom na vrlo dinamično poslovno okruženje u suvremenom poslovnom bankarstvu javlja se nužnost razvijanja tehnika i alata za uspješnije i učinkovitije upravljanje vrijednošću. U ovom radu ...analizira se mjesto i uloga strateškog planiranja kao složenog i kontinuiranog procesa u upravljanju bankama kroz prikaz aktualnih trendova u bankarskom sektoru, faza tog procesa i nekih popularnih alata koji se koriste u strateškom planiranju.
Komisija za visokoškolske knjižnice Hrvatskoga Knjižničarskog Društva, na 38. Skupštini HKD-a održanoj u Osijeku (2012.), predložila je nacrt Strategije za javno zagovaranje visokoškolskih knjižnica. ...Važnost sustavnog zagovaranja visokoškolskih knjižnica često je bila tema višegodišnjih rasprava na različitim stručnim skupovima, a posebno je aktualizirana na 11. Danima specijalnih i visokoškolskih knjižnica održanim u Opatiji (2011.), što je i potaklo Komisiju na izradu prijedloga. Autorica u radu razmatra dugoročne učinke predložene strategije, navodi dobru praksu iz drugih sredina te poziva hrvatsku knjižničarsku zajednicu na strateško razmišljanje kao način stručnog djelovanja na svim razinama.
Turbulentna okolina i aktualni gospodarski uvjeti prisiljavaju poduzeća na brzo i fleksibilno prilagođavanje promjenama. Preduvjet za to je učinkovit sustav menadžmenta i kontrolinga. No mala i ...srednja poduzeća se, u tom smislu, vrlo često susreću s ograničenjima, izazvanima prvenstveno zbog nedostatne menadžerske i analitičke ekspertize, nedovoljnog sagledavanja strateškog aspekta poslovanja, odnosno nedostatka strateškog, a vrlo često i operativnog, kontrolinga. U ovom radu, autorice pokušavaju iznaći odgovor na pitanje koje su mogućnosti i ograničenja korištenja instrumenata kontrolinga u funkciji strateškog planiranja u malim i srednjim poduzećima, te ukazuju na to da ovakvi instrumenti, koji se najčešće koriste u velikim poduzećima i kompanijama, trebaju naći svoju primjenu i u malim i srednjim poduzećima, kao neizbježna savjetodavna pomoć menadžerima. U radu autorice, nadalje, obrazlažu specifičnost strateškog planiranja u malim i srednjim poduzećima, te istražuju relevantne čimbenike koji utječu na uspješnost strateškog planiranja u tim, manjim gospodarskim sustavima, pri čemu je nedovoljna primjena instrumenata strateškog kontrolinga tek jedna od mnoštva ograničavajućih okolnosti.
Osnovni cilj istraživanja bio je analiza i vrednovanje različitih sustava proizvodnje konzumnih jaja primjenom višekriterijske analize, analitičkim hijerarhijskim procesom, pri odlučivanju u ...strateškome planiranju proizvodnje. Anketa je obuhvatila proizvođače konzumnih jaja upisane u Upisnik farmi kokoši nesilica na području RH. Definirani su kriteriji i podkriteriji, koji su međusobno uspoređeni u parovima, s ciljem određivanja težina, odnosno važnosti svakog od njih. Alternative su ocjenjivanje na način utvrđivanja prioriteta sudionika, u kojoj mjeri zadovoljavaju svaki od definiranih kriterija i podkriterija. Intenziteti preferencija svakoga sudionika uneseni su u računalni program Expert Choice, s ciljem evaluacije rezultata rangiranja sustava. Definirani model sastojao se od kvantitativnoga kriterija, ekonomskih pokazatelja i kvalitativnih kriterija, tržišnih pokazatelja i tehničko-tehnoloških činitelja. Svaki kriterij imao je pripadajuće podkriterije koji su brojčano bili ravnomjerno raspodijeljeni. Na osnovi individualnih ocjena sudionika istraživanja, dobivena je ukupna zbirna ocjena sustava. Prema istoj, najprihvatljivija je alternativa proizvodnja jaja u stajskome sustavu držanja nesilica (prioritet 0,301). Slijedi slobodni sustav držanja nesilica (prioritet 0,253). Treća rangirana alternativa je kavezni sustav proizvodnje jaja (prioritet 0,226), dok je četvrta najmanje prihvatljiva alternativa, prema ukupnoj grupnoj ocjeni, proizvodnja jaja prema ekološkim principima (prioritet 0,220). S obzirom na dobivene rezultate višekriterijske evaluacije, ali i trendova u svijetu i EU, koje se ogledaju u promjenama navika potrošača, kao i zabrinutosti za sigurnost i kvalitetu hrane, te preferencijama potrošača usmjerenih na lokalno tržište i lokalne proizvode, preporuka je proizvodnja jaja u stajskome sustavu držanja nesilica. Poduzimanje aktivnosti usmjeravanja i koordiniranja proizvodnje te kroz uređeno vanjsko okruženje dovelo bi do preokreta u stvaranju prepoznatljivih proizvoda i sustavnome diferenciranju istih. U tome smislu, proizvodnja jaja na malim gospodarstvima u stajskome načinu držanja kroz organiziranu proizvodnju, osim što osigurava mogućnost samozapošljavanja i ostvarivanja dodatnih prihoda, zasigurno ima i razvojni potencijal.
Knjižnice grada Zagreba utemeljene su na strateškom promišljanju razvoja i racionalizacije poslovanja narodnih knjižnica u Zagrebu. Prvotna strateška paradigma bila je usredotočena na izgradnju ...suvremeno organiziranoga kulturnog sustava. Nakon 2007., kada Gradska knjižnica obilježava 100. obljetnicu, KGZ u središte nove paradigme postavlja komunikaciju, vidljivost i dostupnost sustava javnosti. Daljnjim promišljanjem razvoja programa i usluga uključenih u novi strateški plan, KGZ pronalazi poveznice sa strateškim planovima Grada Zagreba i Ministarstva kulture. Prioritet postaje izgradnja nove zgrade Gradske knjižnice, što je ušlo i u ZagrebPlan 2020. U radu će se prikazati ciljevi strateškog plana, aktivnosti i odjek kampanje javnog zagovaranja izgradnje nove Gradske knjižnice u javnosti.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- In recent years, several national and European strategic documents have recognized the need for closer cooperation among education, ...businesses and other stakeholders in order to ensure better graduate employability. In this context, it is important to consider not only the quality of study programmes, but also an integrated system for providing support to students within higher education institutions (HEIs).
The main goal of this research was to explore how different elements of student support systems are currently organized at European universities and to develop a strategic framework for supporting higher education graduates’ early careers within HEIs, as well as to propose a maturity model focused on study programmes in the field of information and communication technologies (ICT). The research was carried out in several steps involving predominantly qualitative and, to a lesser extent, quantitative research methods, following a five-step methodology for maturity model development based on the design science research paradigm.
The final scientific contribution of this thesis is a comprehensive and reliable maturity model for supporting graduates’ early careers within HEIs, based on the strategic framework which fulfils the requirements for both relevance and rigor in design science research. This final maturity model was tested at four HEIs in Croatia and demonstrates significant social contributions in the form of guidelines and recommendations for enhancing the maturity of the HEIs in Croatia for study programmes in the field of ICT.
In a broad sense, the results of this research affect relevant stakeholders, including students, alumni, employers and HEIs, which can use the research results not only as tools for the problem-solving of issues related to graduates’ employment, but also as guidelines for creating stimulating policies on the individual, institutional and national levels.- Posljednjih godina nekoliko europskih i nacionalnih strateških dokumenata ističe potrebu za boljim povezivanjem obrazovnog sustava s gospodarskim sektorom i ostalim interesnim dionicima, kako bi se osigurala bolja zapošljivost diplomanata. U tom kontekstu važno je uzeti u obzir, ne samo kvalitetu studijskih programa, već cjelokupan integrirani sustav pružanja podrške studentima u okviru visokih učilišta (VU).
Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je istražiti način na koji su različiti elementi sustava pružanja podrške studentima u ranom razvoju karijera organizirani na europskim sveučilištima te razviti strateški okvir za pružanje podrške diplomantima u ranom razvoju karijera u okviru VU, uz prijedlog pripadajućeg model zrelosti usmjerenog na studijske programe u području informacijsko-komunikacijskih tehnologija (IKT). Istraživanje je provedeno kroz nekoliko koraka koji uključuju prvenstveno kvalitativne istraživačke metode te u manjoj mjeri kvantitativne metode, a slijede metodologiju za izgradnju modela zrelosti u pet koraka temeljenu na principima istraživačke paradigme znanosti o dizajniranju.
Konačan znanstveni doprinos ove disertacije je sveobuhvatan i pouzdan model zrelosti za pružanje podrške diplomantima u ranom razvoju karijera u okviru VU temeljen na strateškom okviru koji zadovoljava zahtjeve relevantnosti i rigoroznosti znanosti o dizajniranju. Konačan model zrelosti testiran na četiri VU u Republici Hrvatskoj (RH) te pokazuje značajan društveni doprinos u obliku smjernica i preporuka za povećanje razine zrelosti VU u RH, za studijske programe u području IKT-a.
U širem kontekstu ovo istraživanje ima utjecaj na relevantne dionike, uključujući studente, alumnije, poslodavce i VU koji mogu koristiti rezultate istraživanja kao alat za djelomično rješavanje problema zapošljivosti diplomanata, ali također i kao smjernice za kreiranje poticajnih politika na individualnoj, institucionalnoj i nacionalnoj razini.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
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