Poor performance of on-street parking facilities at Gen. Sudirman Kuanino Street, Kupang, can disrupt traffic flow and cause various problems. The research method is to evaluate the performance of ...on-street parking facilities and their impact on road performance, transportation costs, and the environment. The results show that the parking index exceeds the parking space capacity, with the highest values of 150% (left) and 138% (right). This is due to the parking volume of building material store operational vehicles (pick-ups and trucks). The resulting impact is a decrease in road performance with a degree of saturation (DS) at 1.22. Hence, it affects transportation costs and vehicle exhaust emissions exceeding regulatory limits. The recommended structuring strategy is the application of rules to control the volume, space, and time of parking by prohibiting parking from building material store operational vehicles, requiring minimum availability of off-street parking spaces by every store, applying a progressive parking fee system, and planting green plants. If the structuring strategy is implemented, the highest parking index results are 84% (left) and 96% (right), and the road performance results increase from the DS value of 1.22 to 0.71.
We examine the effects of street network design on congestion levels and crash rates in neighborhoods across Utah's Wasatch Front. We employ propensity score matching to select pairwise neighborhood ...samples that have other similar characteristics but differ greatly in street network design. Our results show that denser and more connected neighborhoods have significantly lower congestion levels, but they do not have measurably lower (or higher) crash rates, presumably due to the prevalence of four-way intersections. This study can help guide data-driven decision making on street network design standards for many of the growing urban areas across the country and globe.
•The effects of neighborhood street network design on congestion levels and crash rates were examined.•Propensity score matching was used to select pairwise neighborhood samples that differ greatly in street network design.•The research found denser and more connected neighborhoods associated with lower congestion levels.•However, denser and more connected network designs were not significantly related to crash rates.
The street has a long and distinguished pedigree in criminology as a site of human sociability, transgression and spontaneity. Recent scholarship in legal studies has, however, explored the role that ...non-human actors play in the normative ordering of urban life. These interventions suggest the need for criminologists of the street to take seriously not only the experiential foreground of crime but also its background. In this article, we seek to bring these traditions into dialogue through engagement with the concept of ‘atmosphere’ – a place-based mood or spatialised feeling that blends human and non-human elements, and has the capacity to act in a quasi-agentic manner. Drawing on an experiment in ‘atmospheric methods’ conducted during Hong Kong’s pro-democracy Umbrella Movement, in which some of the city’s central streets were occupied for 79 days, we seek to demonstrate that the analytics of ‘atmosphere’ offers a unique conceptual approach to urban life and street crime in the contemporary age.
•Research trend in urban neighbourhood assessment based on street view image is identified.•Study method are mainly experiment and simulation.•Deep learning is the mainstream image processing method ...in this field.•Data analysis methods include numerical and spatial analysis.•Parameters and work flow are reviewed.
The urban neighbourhood is one of the most important places for public activities and behaviour spaces in cities, and the quantification of their environments is receiving increasing attention from researchers. In the era of big data, numerous urban data sources, represented by street view images, are documenting the evolution of people's lifestyles in various ways. With the rapid development of image processing technology, street view images have become an emerging data source for urban research. Street view image processing can be used to obtain spatial elements of large scale urban neighborhoods, thus enabling rapid urban neighbourhood evaluation. However, no systematic literature review has been conducted so far on the research of street view images application in urban neighbourhood environment. This paper systematically reviews the research trends of existing publications on the use of street view images for the quantitative analysis of urban neighbourhood environments. The number of publications began to grow rapidly in 2010. From 2010 to 2020, the number of publications increased from 6 to 341, with an annual growth rate of approximately 30.4%. Recent studies have focused on five areas: thermal environment, neighbourhood morphology, environmental perception, socio-economic factors, landscape design and environmental evaluation. The publications use experiment and simulation as the main research methods. Deep learning is the mainstream and advanced image processing method, and the data analysis models include numerical analysis and spatial analysis. Finally, the overall research framework and future research trends of street view images in the current quantitative research of urban streets are obtained.
The characteristics of linguistic landscape are significantly impacted by the legal status of a language in question. Not all Slovak settlements in Hungary equally exploit the opportunities provided ...by law. Public space is a constantly transforming phenomenon which is in continuous motion; therefore, research in linguistic landscape always reflects a certain state or moment. Signboards and street signs appearing in the public space, the objects of our study, reveal a great deal of the linguistic dominance of a particular milieu, Piliscsév in this case. In case of bilingual street names, the most dominant practice is the Hungarian-Slovak bilingualism; thus, in most cases Hungarian signs are determining. Concerning the visual representation of street signs in Piliscsév, we have observed an interesting phenomenon which is unique and untraditional in the Slovak community in Hungary. The visual presence of Slovak language in street names indicates not only the representation of the ethnic language but also the local and ethnic bonds of the town.
Considering the influence of natural solar heating, this paper numerically evaluated the sustainability of various urban street layouts from three different views: the pedestrian-level ventilation ...capacity assessed by the normalized net escape velocity NEVped; the transport and removal processes of heat and vehicular pollutant across the street top surface; the convective heat transfer capacity (CHTC, convective heat transfer coefficient) at each wall surface and from the entire street unit to the outer atmosphere. The airflow and heat transfer for the full scale 2D street canyons (aspect ratio AR= H/W= 1,3,6, W= 24 m) were simulated with the natural solar heating at local solar time (LST) of LST09 (9 a.m.), LST12 (12 a.m.) and LST15 (3 p.m.).
Results show that: 1) For pedestrian-level ventilation (NEVped), the isothermal single vortex exists when AR = 1, 3, producing one order greater NEVped than AR= 6 in which two main vortices appear. Thus, high-rise deep street design (e.g., AR= 6) should be avoided due to poor ventilation. Solar heating leads to more complicated multi-vortex structure and basically enlarges NEVped as AR= 6. 2) Turbulent diffusions always dominate pollutant transfer across street top surface, but for heat removal, the dominant factor varies between mean flows and turbulent diffusions, which depends on ARs and solar angles. Pollutant and heat transfer should be evaluated together when assessing the sustainability of urban layout. 3) CHTC distributes ununiformly at different building surfaces and varies with aspect ratios and solar angles. The total convective heat transfer capacity over the unit lot area or for the entire street unit can be enhanced in deeper canyons.
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•2D street canyon(H/W = 1,3,6) with solar heating at 9am, 12am, 3pm is studied by CFD.•Convective heat transfer and pedestrian net escape velocity NEVped are quantified.•Deep canyon(H/W = 6) attains 1-order smaller NEVped than H/W = 1 and should be avoided.•Pollutant/heat removal due to mean flows/turbulence differs (need assess together).•Deep canyons have stronger convective heat transfer capacity per unit lot area.
Occupy Wall Street Gleason, Benjamin
The American behavioral scientist (Beverly Hills),
07/2013, Letnik:
57, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Recent events suggest that social media, also called web 2.0, can support mass social change. Although some critics have lamented how social media are eroding people’s ability to communicate, others ...have argued that social media may allow individuals to leverage their individual voices against authoritarian leaders. This article seeks to understand the ways in which individuals can use a particular social media platform, the microblog Twitter, to learn about the Occupy Wall Street movement. This article uses a mixed-methods approach, incorporating descriptive statistics, content analysis, and a case study of the author’s learning process to examine the existence of informal learning about the Occupy Wall Street movement. Scholars have proposed that informal learning about a social movement is associated with participation in the movement. This study suggests that Twitter supports multiple opportunities for participation in the Occupy movement—from creating, tagging, and sharing content to reading, watching, and following a hashtag—which may facilitate learners becoming more informed, engaged citizens. To help ground this discussion, an overview of the particular social and technical features of Twitter is provided. Second, several key learning theories that seem particularly synergistic with the affordances outlined and a review of the current state of research on learning within Twitter are described. Third, research questions, methods, and findings are presented, and a discussion that describes the implications for civic engagement in the democratic process is included.
Street landscape is one of the things that represent a city. Several studies over the past 30 years have shown that there was significant decreased on the quality of green open spaces which also ...shown on the aesthetic quality of the green lines that is often unnoticed. There is a need of precaution measures in order to balance the growth in physical aspect with the better landscape planning. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the value of streetscape in Bandar Lampung. The objectives of this research is to evaluate the aesthetic and fnctional value of Bandar Lampung streetscape. The evaluated streetscapes consists of 16 streets that are divided based on their accessibility to the city center and education area. The method for assessing aesthetic is SBE method. Respondents involved were students with a background in landscape architecture and its related sciences. Designing character or identity of an area can be achieved through the arranging and designing its physical and non-physical elements. The arrangement includes organizing the street furniture both hard and soft elements such as plants. Therefore, the completeness of street furniture will also be assessed and evaluated. The evaluate of street furniture is using scoring method. In this study will be carried out in relation to the availability and conditions of street furniture for all types. Assessment of street furniture is done by the Gutman scale scoring method. The completeness of street furniture in 16 streets segments of the city of Bandar Lampung is still low, besides a lot of the street furniture not in a good condition, damaged, does not work according to its function or in a messy condition. The completenessof streetamenitiesin 16 Bandar Lampung streets are not high enough, which ranging from 65% to 75%. The condition quality of the amenities available also very low, ranging from 55% to 60%. From the aestetical analysis, the best desirable is Sultan Agung Street. The least desirable is Soekarno Hatta Street. Based on Functional and Aestetical Analysis, we got the conclusion that the functional and aestetical aspect can affect each other value.
The main analytical targets of synthetic cannabinoids are often metabolites. With the high number of new psychoactive substances entering the market, suitable workflows are needed for analytical ...target identification in biological samples. The aims of this study were to identify the main metabolites of the synthetic cannabinoids, AMB-CHMICA and 5C-AKB48, using an in silico-assisted workflow with analytical data acquired using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-(ion mobility spectroscopy)-high resolution-mass spectrometry in data-independent acquisition mode (UHPLC-(IMS)-HR-MS
). The metabolites were identified after incubation with rat and pooled human hepatocytes using UHPLC-HR-MS
, followed by UHPLC-IMS-HR-MS
. Metabolites of AMB-CHMICA and 5C-AKB48 were predicted with Meteor (Lhasa Ltd) and imported to the UNIFI software (Waters). The predicted metabolites were assigned to analytical components supported by the UNIFI in silico fragmentation tool. The main metabolic pathway of AMB-CHMICA was O-demethylation and hydroxylation of the methylhexyl moiety. For 5C-AKB48, the main metabolic pathways were hydroxylation(s) of the adamantyl moiety and oxidative dechlorination with subsequent oxidation to the ω-COOH. The matrix components in the metabolite spectra were reduced with IMS, which improved the accuracy of the spectral interpretation; however, this left fewer fragment ions for assigning sites of metabolism. Meteor was able to predict the majority of the metabolites, with the most notable exception being the oxidative dechlorination and, consequently, all metabolites that underwent that transformation pathway. Oxidative dechlorination of ω-chloroalkanes in humans has not been previously reported in the literature. The postulated metabolites can be used for screening of biological samples, with four-dimensional identification based on retention time, collision cross section, precursor ion, and fragment ions.
The study aimed at understanding the phenomenon of children's being on the streets in the city of Amman; by listening to their voices and to understand their reality, the reasons for their presence ...in the street, the problems they face and their relationships with their families in addition to their vision for themselves and their aspirations for the future. The field study was conducted using the qualitative approach, purposive sampling was applied to select (24) participants through their presence in the streets and data was collected through in-depth open-ended interviews. The study found a number of results that showed that these children reject to be described as (street children or children in /on street), because they see themselves as "working children only" and that the reasons for their being on the street are economic reasons (need and poverty); to improve their conditions and the conditions of their families. The study also shows that the phenomenon of children on the streets is a complex phenomenon and overlapping dimensions. Based on the results of the study, the researcher submitted some recommendations to support the efforts of policy makers. Ministry of social Development must deal with those children as victims not as a guilty and more researches on the area of children on the street is needed, especially qualitative studies are recommended to cover all aspects of the phenomena with the participation of children themselves. هدفت الدراسة إلى فهم ظاهرة تواجد الأطفال في الشوارع في مدينة عمان والتعرف إلى واقع حياتهم وأسباب تواجدهم في الشارع والمشكلات التي تواجههم وعلاقاتهم مع أسرهم، بالإضافة إلى رؤيتهم لأنفسهم وطموحاتهم للمستقبل من خلال الاستماع لأصواتهم. وقد أجريت الدراسة الميدانية باستخدام المنهج النوعي على عينه قصديه مكونة من (24) طفلا تم اختيارهم من خلال تواجدهم في الشوارع في مدينة عمان وتم جمع البيانات من خلال المقابلات الفردية المفتوحة المتعمقة. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج التي اظهرت أن هؤلاء الاطفال يرفضون المسميات التي تطلق عليهم وأنهم يرون أنفسهم (أطفال عاملون فقط) وأن اسباب تواجدهم في الشارع تعود لأسباب اقتصادية (الحاجة والفقر)، كما أن علاقاتهم بأسرهم جيدة. وحول رؤيتهم للمستقبل، فقد تعددت وجهات نظرهم ولكن بشكل عام يتمنون أن تتحسن أحوالهم وأحوال أسرهم وأن يتفهمهم المجتمع وأن يبتعد الجميع عن النظرة الدونية إليهم أو إدانتهم. كما تبين من الدراسة بأن ظاهرة الأطفال في الشوارع وبغض النظر عن التسميات ظاهرة معقدة ومتداخلة الأبعاد. وقد قدمت الدراسة مجموعة من التوصيات حول ضرورة التعامل مع هؤلاء الاطفال كضحايا وليس كمذنبين ووضع استراتيجيات من قبل وزارة التنمية الاجتماعية للتعامل مع مشكلات هؤلاء الاطفال، وكذلك لا بد من إجراء دراسات متعمقة حول هذه الظاهرة بمشاركة الأطفال ذوي العلاقة.
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