Tras el declive del esplendoroso desarrollo industrial experimentado por Málaga a finales del siglo XIX, se dio paso a una recuperación parcial durante el primer tercio del siglo XX. Entre las ...empresas industriales de nueva creación se hallaban las fábricas de azúcar adaptadas tanto a la transformación de la caña como de remolacha. Una de ellas fue El Tarajal, promovida por destacados miembros de la oligarquía empresarial y política de la ciudad. El edificio es el más monumental y mejor conservado de la ciudad, cuya autoría ha podido documentarse ahora en la persona del arquitecto Manuel Rivera Vera.
Induction motors and steam turbines are the main components in the sugar cane milling process. This study analyzes the efficiency of induction motors and steam turbines as mill drives at the Kebon ...Agung Sugar Factory in Malang, Indonesia. This study used experimental methods by observing and testing at the Kebon Agung Sugar Factory. The induction motors analyzed were mills 1, 2, and 5. Meanwhile, the steam turbines analyzed were cane cutter 1, 2, heavy-duty hammer shredder, mill 3, and mill 4. Motor and turbine data were obtained through the control system. Furthermore, the motor and turbine data are processed, and the efficiency comparison is calculated. From the results of the analysis, the average value of the efficiency of an induction motor is more significant when compared to a steam turbine. The average weight of induction motor efficiency is 94.6%, and the average value of steam turbine efficiency is 77.2%. This research recommends that the Kebon Agung Sugar Factory replace the steam turbine with an induction motor in the future. The recommendation given to Kebon Agung Sugar Factory is the use of induction motors on CC 1, CC 2, HDHS, mill 1, and mill 5. An induction motor is a relatively easy install compared to a steam turbine; the construction is robust and highly efficient, requires minimal maintenance, and does not require special equipment during operation.
Introduction: The disease outcome of musculoskeletal disorders includes; serious occupational disorders and disabilities that are associated with the loss of useful working days and socioeconomic ...burden to the individual, the organization, and society at large. The aim of this study is to determine the work-related musculoskeletal disorders and associated risk factors among sugar factory workers. Methods: The cross-sectional study design was employed in this study in the workplace among 402 workers between two sugar factories. The self-structured Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorders questionnaire was administered. Data were analysed into descriptive statistics, binary logistic, and multiple logistic regression using SPSS vs. 26. Results: The results indicate that the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the previous 12 months among sugar factory workers was 53%. The Lower back region has the highest prevalence of 52.2% and the lowest prevalence of 12.7% on Neck region. The following highlighted factors were significantly associated with the reporting of WRMSD among sugar factory workers during the last 12-months, such as; age of the respondents, educational status, work designation, monotonous task, standing for long periods, and time taken to carry out the task. Conclusions: Workers in sugar factories are constantly exposed to ergonomic hazards which predisposed them to WRMSD. If these situations are not prevented it might worsen the burden of WRMSDs among workers, result in cases of more absenteeism and low productivity.
Abstract With the increase in sugar consumption in Iran since the second half of the 13th century AH/ 19th century AD, the Qajar authorities attempted to establish industrial factories to meet the ...needs of the people on the one hand and the process of gradual industrialization of various sectors as well as the dependence of such products on European governments on the other hand. To this end, two sugar factories in the cities of Sari and Barforoush were established to supply people with consumable sugar. This research with a descriptive-analytical approach and the library method aims to answer the question: ‘What has been the performance of sugar factories in the two cities of Sari and Barforoush, as well as the course of trade changes during the Qajar rulers?’ It tests the hypothesis: ‘The performance of Mazandaran factories in the production of refined sugar has been relatively successful’. Research findings showed that although in many cases the Qajar government was forced to import sugar to meet the needs of the people, but at times, especially during Amir Kabir’s presidency, with the production of sugar in Mazandaran’s new industrial factories not only did the import of this product experience a sharp decline for the first time, these factories were also able to meet some of the consumption needs of the people and may even have been able to export their products. 2. Introduction The expansion of trade and development of comprehensive relations with the West during the Qajar period, especially after the Iran-Russia War (1218-1228 AH/ 1803-1813 AD), brought about fundamental changes in the social and economic structure of the country. It was after this time that the traditional way of governing the society was advanced by some rulers, merchants, bureaucrats, and European corporations and governments toward industrialization and modernization. Since the mid-13th century AH/ 19th AD, several new factories in the economic and military fields were established at the same time as the reign of Nasser al-Din Shah and the presidency of Amir Kabir. These factories were set up to reduce the country’s dependence on imports and the production of products in accordance with the needs of the people and the government because, with the increase of the country’s population and the modernization of the society, people’s needs for food and clothing underwent major changes. Sugar and glucosewere among the products that increased among Iranian families. For the first time, Amir Kabir set up a sugar refinery in the two cities of Sari and Barfaroush. The importance of this product doubled in the years leading up to the Constitutional Revolution, so much so that the rise in the price of sugar led to civil protests in Iran. Following the victory of the Constitutional Revolution (1285 AH/ 1906 AD), one of the goals of the constitutionalists became the country’s liberation from importing edible products such as sugar and glucose,and then the development of the sugar industry in order to promote the food industry and help to strengthen domestic production. The purpose of this article is to investigate and evaluate the quality and performance of sugar refineries in the Qajar era in Mazandaran region. 3. Materials & Methods This study attempts to address the issue with a descriptive-analytical approach and using documentary data, newspapers and primary sources. 4. Discussion of Results & Conclusions During the Qajar period, Iranian society faced the European Industrial Revolution and the increasing progress of their societies. That is why the goal of the rulers, bureaucrats, and merchants of this period was to achieve the powerful industries of their time. One of the most important industries in this period was the sugar industry. The importance of sugar in the social and political life of the people of this period is important. Welcoming guests and political figures using sweets and candies, using sugar products to donate kings, statesmen, villagers, and the general public for diplomatic personalities, and using these products for medical purposes are among the important roles of sugar in the Iranian society during the Qajar era. Given the importance of this product in people’s lives and the increasing consumption of sugar among them, the Qajar government officials and merchants were forced to import sugar from Europe at the beginning of the path. At the beginning of its activity, Sari and Barforoush sugar factories, with the support of government officials such as Amir Kabir, succeeded in producing high-quality white sugar and were able to make progress in the sugar industry. The relatively favorable performance and efficiency of these two factories provided part of the sugar needed in the northern regions of Iran. In addition to Mazandaran, the cities of Astarabad, Guilan and in some parts of Tehran also benefited from refined sugar of these factories. Also, according to some documents, government officials and businessmen may have succeeded in exporting sugar in an important move. According to some sources, the sugar from Iran was exported to Russia and Afghanistan at times during the Qajar period. In spite of Iran’s access to refined sugar, the government continued to import sugar from Europe in order to supply the sugar needed by other cities. On the one hand, this was due to the lack of government’s financial support for the establishment of new sugar factories in other Iranian cities, and on the other, the import of sugar from Europe. Certainly, it was not possible to fully meet the needs of the Iranian people by producing sugar only in two factories in Mazandaran. In addition, the financial support of the Qajar government officials from Mazandaran factories was not done on a regular basis, and this was enough to ensure that the desired efficiency of these factories was not confirmed in all periods. What has been linked to the performance of these two factories in the production of refined and white sugar that was produced for the first time in the Qajar period and reduced imports at the same time.
About 1 million tons of sugar-factory-ash generated every year in India. And its usage in geotechnical applications as a stabilizing agent and filling material is gaining momentum. However, a proper ...assessment of mechanical behavior of sugar-factory-ash as a backfill material and environmental impact of leachates generated during its usage are significantly lacking. In this study, triaxial shear behavior of sugar-factory-ash is investigated. Similarly, leachability tests are carried out to study the environmental impact. Furthermore, a gabion retaining wall was designed with sugar-factory-ash backfill to assess its economic feasibility. Triaxial test results showed that the shear strength (φ′m(p) ≥ 34°) of sugar-factory-ash is comparable with conventional backfill material. The alkaline nature of leachate results in a lower leaching rate (≤2.46) and lower concentration of toxic heavy metals, making it an inert waste (DEFRA, 2010). Its lower monetary value makes the retaining wall up to 41% more economical than conventional material. At the same time, its utilization can save equal amounts of natural resources from being exploited. This study revealed that technically sugar-factory-ash has a high potential as a backfill material and is economically more viable than conventional backfill material.
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•The feasibility of using mounting sugar factory ash as a backfill was investigated.•High strength and lower density make it geotechnically more viable backfill.•Lower heavy metal concentration and leaching rate make it an inert backfill.•It is more economical than soil.•It is techno-economically viable and its use can save soil from being exploited.
In many cases, the infrastructures planned at the beginning of the 20th century originally had studies of important needs, occupying strategic locations and providing services that, even after the ...latest advances in technology, have remained unanswered in the 21st century. In other cases, buildings and infrastructure gained importance in traditional use, in the social imagination or as a meeting place for the population, being attractive for reopening with the same or very different uses. The reflection of those who study the history of our infrastructures is, therefore, deserved, since its reason for being usually covers a calm and reflective study of interesting places, necessary connections and strategic uses, and that the development fever made us, in many cases, forget.
En muchos casos las infraestructuras planificadas a comienzos del XX tuvieron en su origen estudios de necesidades importantes, ocupando lugares estratégicos y dando servicios que, incluso tras los últimos adelantos en la tecnología, han quedado sin respuesta en el siglo XXI. En otros casos, las edificaciones e infraestructuras ganaron importancia en el uso tradicional, en el imaginario social o como lugar de encuentro de la población, siendo atractivas para su reapertura con los mismos usos u otros muy distintos. Es, por tanto, merecida la reflexión del que estudia la historia de nuestras infraestructuras, pues bajo su razón de ser suele cobijarse un estudio sosegado y reflexivo de lugares interesantes, conexiones necesarias y usos estratégicos, y que la fiebre desarrollista nos hizo, en muchos casos, olvidar.
Článek hodnotí české a slovenské cukrovarnické společnosti v procesu transformace a zrušení kvót na evropském trhu s cukrem. Hodnocení je provedeno z pohledu platebního chování, finančního zdraví a ...kondice. Cukrovarnické společnosti měly v Česku a na Slovensku před začátkem roku 2019 a následně v roce 2020 malou pravděpodobnost bankrotu. Udržely si dobrou platební morálku vůči svým odběratelům. Jednalo se o finančně stabilní subjekty. Negativní vliv může mít horší hodnocení odvětví a výrazné změny na trhu s cukrem. I nadále je vysoká pravděpodobnost udržení výroby cukru na stávající úrovni, udržení finančního zdraví, platební schopnosti a platební disciplíny v následujícím období.
The assessment of cultural significance is important to the processes involved in the determination of building preservation policies. The cultural significance is mostly invisible or intangible in a ...cultural heritage building and contained in the form of value or meaning which are sometimes misinterpreted and this means it is possible to judge a building as worthy or unworthy to be preserved for the interests of the past, present, and future through the evaluation its importance. Moreover, some important elements are usually contained in a cultural heritage building which can be excavated through their cultural significance. This research was, therefore, conducted to determine the cultural significance of residential buildings in the Jatiroto Sugar Factory area complex at Lumajang Regency, East Java to be used in formulating policies required to preserve the structures as a cultural heritage for the benefit of future generations. This involved the use of the descriptive method to describe the situation in the field while the weighted evaluative method was applied to evaluate the cultural significance value of the building and its elements. The results were used as the criteria to determine the cultural significance of the official house of the Jatiroto Sugar Factory which can be applied as the reference to formulate the cultural significance criteria for similar cultural heritage buildings in other locations.
This study discusses the continuity of the Kebon Agung Sugar Factory from the crisis period in 1930 until it was nationalized in 1960. The economic crisis that hit Europe and the world had an impact ...on the collapse of most of the sugar industries in the Dutch East Indies. Kebun Agung Sugar Factory managed to survive in the midst of a global crisis that began towards the end of 1929. Throughout that period, various crises hit the world and Indonesia such as economic, social, and political crises. This research uses historical methods with the following stages; topic selection, heuristics, interpretation, data analysis, and historiography. The results showed that the Kebon Agung sugar factory was part of the history of the sugar industry in the colonial period which contributed to the increase in sugar production in the Dutch East Indies. This sugar factory was able to survive the crisis that accompanied its history because of its efficiency strategy, production reduction, and cooperation with other sugar factories in terms of utilizing pre-existing infrastructure such as no longer building railways and roads for the transportation of raw materials (sugarcane) to the factory. In the midst of the crisis and the threat of bankruptcy, the Kebon Agung Sugar Factory still survived and continued to carry out production activities until the sugar factory was nationalized in 1958. Thus, the Kebun Agung Sugar Factory also recorded its history by contributing to efforts improve the state economy.
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