The Czech scientist Jan Svoboda was a pioneer of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). In the 1960s, before the discovery of reverse transcriptase, he demonstrated the long-term persistence of the viral genome ...in non-productive mammalian cells, and he supported the DNA provirus hypothesis of Howard Temin. He showed how the virus can be rescued in the infectious form and elucidated the replication-competent nature of the Prague strain of RSV later used for the identification of the
oncogene. His studies straddled molecular oncology and virology, and he remained an active contributor to the field until his death last year. Throughout the 50 years that I was privileged to know Svoboda as my mentor and friend, I admired his depth of scientific inquiry and his steadfast integrity in the face of political oppression.
In the study, the author focuses on the various assassinations that are connected with the Czechoslovak history. The term „assassination“ has no legal definition, so in the beginning of the study we ...will first think about its content. Based on the definition, we will identify the assassinations in every period of Czechoslovak history. The body of the study is divided into four parts, derived from effect of the Criminal codes and from the constitutional development in the state. The primary aim of the study is the analysis of assassinations, especially from a legal point of view, i.e., from the point of view of legal responsibility or the impact of assassinations as material source on the origin of law. The secondary aim of the work is to approach several interpretations that relate to assassinations and the impact of the analyzed events on historical memory.
One of the Czech Republic's most innovative scene designers, incorporating multimedia aspects into his scene designs, Josef Svoboda's (1920–2002) work is made available to the Anglophone public with ...translations from Jarka Burian (1927–2005). A detailed study of sixty key productions designed by Svoboda with over two hundred black-and-white photographs, Svoboda's scenography is realized as a synthesis of traditional methods with technical innovations, creating a total design experience.
Purpose of Review
The primary cilium is a non-motile microtubule-based organelle that senses a diverse range of extracellular signals. While recent studies highlight the importance of ...ciliary-dependent developmental signals, including Hedgehog, Wnt, and platelet-derived growth factor, it is not well understood whether and how bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, a key regulator of skeletogenesis, is involved in cilia-related bone developmental aspects and in the etiology of skeletal disorders.
Recent Findings
Increasing evidence suggests that osteoblast- or osteocyte-specific deletion of ciliary proteins leads to diverse skeletal malformations, reinforcing the idea that primary cilia are indispensable for regulating bone development and maintenance. Furthermore, it became evident that ciliary proteins not only contribute to ciliogenesis but also orchestrate cellular trafficking.
Summary
This review summarizes the current understanding of ciliary proteins in bone development and discusses the potential role of BMP signaling in primary cilia, enabling us to unravel the potential pathogenesis of skeletal ciliopathies.
U radu analiziramo profetski ton u romanu Zlatno runo Borislava Pekića, njegove uvide o budućnosti čoveka kao vrste. Istražujemo odnos ovog sedmotomnog romana prema najvažnijim civilizacijskim ...pitanjima kao što su ljudska sloboda ili odnos prema religiji. Razmatramo dalje kako vreme i prostor determinišu stavove Borislava Pekića prema idealu slobode, brojnim pokušajima njegove realizacije i stalnim osujećenjima u dugom hodu istorije civilizacije. Pokušavamo da proniknemo u način na koji su tradicija biblijskog proroštva ili profetski zanos pojedinih književnika koji mu prethode mogli uticati na piščeve apodiktičke sudove koje srećemo na stranicama Zlatnog runa.
Porast fleksibilnih oblik zaposlitvenih razmerij je zaznati tudi v slovenskem novinarstvu. Te oblike so pogosto tudi prekarne, kar (lahko) ima negativne posledice za kakovost novinarskih vsebin in ...ogroža vlogo novičarskih medijev kot nadzornikov oblasti. Avtorji prispevka utemeljujemo tezo, da so za pravno neurejen prekarni položaj novinarjev, ki omogoča pritiske na novinarje in pomeni grožnjo svobodi izražanja, odgovorne državne oblasti. Analiza primerov iz sodne prakse Evrops-kega sodišča za človekove pravice in Ustavnega sodišča Republike Slovenije je potrdila, da morajo državne oblasti aktivno zagotavljati pogoje za delo svobodnih medijev. Če država v zakonodaji do-pusti prekarno delo novinarjev, krši svoje pozitivne obveznosti v zvezi z varstvom svobode izražanja, saj politiki in kapitalu omogoči, da novinarje postavlja v odvisen položaj. Analiza ključnih doku-mentov je pokazala, da so v Sloveniji po letu 2002 zlasti novinarske organizacije redno pozivale k ureditvi razmer. Državne oblasti so bile s problematiko prekarnega dela ter s predlogi sprememb in dopolnitev zakonodaje seznanjene oziroma pozvane k ukrepanju, vendar problema prekarnosti sistemsko še niso uredile.
For about eight months in 1968 Czechoslovakia underwent rapid and radical changes that were unparalleled in the history of communist reform; in the eight months that followed, those changes were ...dramatically reversed. H. Gordon Skilling provides a comprehensive analysis of the events of 1968, assessing their significance both for Czechoslovakia and for communism generally. The author's account is based on all available written sources, including unpublished Communist Party documents and interviews conducted in Czechoslovakia in 1967, 1968, and 1969. He examines the historical background, the main reforms and political forces of 1968, international reactions, the Soviet intervention, and the experiment's collapse, concluding with his reasons for regarding the events of the Prague spring as a movement of revolutionary proportions.
The author's account is based on all available written sources, including unpublished Communist Party documents and interviews conducted in Czechoslovakia in 1967, 1968, 1969. He examines the historical background, the main reforms and political forces on 1968, international reactions, the Soviet intervention, and the experiment's collapse, concluding with his reasons for regarding the events of the Prague spring as a movement of revolutionary proportions.
Originally published in 1976.
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This article is based on my presentation at a symposium organised by Binghamton University (SUNY) on the occasion of my retirement. The purpose of the article is to pay tribute to three great ...scholars, Antonín Svoboda, W. Ross Ashby and Lotfi A. Zadeh, who have decisively influenced my ideas and research work pertaining to the emergence of systems science and to the study of the key role of uncertainty-based information in dealing with systems problems.
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