Overweight is a state that exceeds the relative body weight of a person as a result of the accumulation of nutrients, especially carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. This condition is caused by an ...imbalance between energy consumption compared to the needs or the use of energy. This study aims to determine the relationship of consumption patterns of sweet drinks to excess body weight teenagers in SMP IT IQRA Bengkulu 2018. This study is a cross-sectional research design. A sample is all teenagers who have overweight (overweight and obesity) as much as 57 teenagers. consumption of sweet drinks was collected by interviews using Food Frequency Questionaire (FFQ). The result showed that there was no contribution of consumption of sweet drinks to overweight teenagers (p-value 0.590). The habit of consuming sweet drinks does not contribute to increased body weight in teenagers who have excess body weight. To prevent overweight is recommended to consume balanced nutrition and avoid foods and beverages high in glucose.Berat badan berlebih adalah suatu keadaan yang melebihi dari berat badan relatif seseorang sebagai akibat penumpukan zat gizi terutama karbohidrat, lemak dan protein. Kondisi ini disebabkan oleh ketidakseimbangan antara konsumsi energi dibandingkan kebutuhan atau pemakaian energi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pola konsumsi minuman manis terhadap berat badan berlebih pada remaja di SMP IT IQRA’ kota Bengkulu tahun 2018. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel adalah seluruh remaja yang mempunyai berat badan berlebih (overweight dan obesitas) yang diambil dengan metode Total sampling yaitu sebanyak 57 remaja. konsumsi minuman manis dikumpulkan dengan wawancara menggunakan Food Frequency Questionaire (FFQ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada kontribusi konsumsi minuman manis terhadap berat badan berlebih pada remaja (p value 0.593). Kebiasaan mengonsumsi minuman manis tidak berkontribusi untuk meningkatkan berat badan pada remaja yang memiliki berat badan berlebih. Untuk mencegah berat badan berlebih disarankan mengonsumsi gizi seimbang dan menghindari makanan dan minuman yang tinggi glukosa.
Resumen Se reconoce la participación de la oxitocina en el control de la alimentación, pero su mecanismo de acción no se ha establecido totalmente. Por tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue ...evaluar el efecto del acceso intermitente a una solución de sacarosa, sobre la expresión de las neuronas del núcleo paraventricular (PVN) y del núcleo supraótico (SON) que producen oxitocina (Oxt), y caracterizar la microestructura de la conducta de beber en ratas saciadas. Se tuvieron tres grupos de ratas macho Wistar saciadas, y en la primera hora al inicio del periodo de luz, el grupo Control tuvo agua, el grupo Restringido 5g de una solución de sacarosa al 20% y el grupo Ad libitum acceso libre a la solución de sacarosa. Los sujetos incrementaron el consumo de la solución de sacarosa a pesar de estar saciados; debido a la interrupción del estado de saciedad y la demora de la satisfacción. La actividad de las neuronas de Oxt se incrementó en ambos núcleos, en el grupo Restringido la mayor expresión se observó en el SON y en el grupo Ad libitum en el PVN. No se encontró correlación entre la cantidad de bebida ingerida y la actividad de las neuronas Oxt.
Objective To investigate the oral health behavior of urban and rural students in the 12~15 year age group in Guangdong Province, aiming to provide informational support for adolescent oral health ...care. Methods A multistage stratified sampling method with equal capacity and simple random sampling was applied to obtain representative samples. A total of 7 680 students aged 12 to 15 were selected from Guangdong Province, with 1 920 in each age group of 12, 13, 14 and 15 years; half were male and half were female, and half were from urban areas and half were from rural areas. According to the Fourth National Oral Health Epidemiology Questionnaire Survey Program, a standard questionnaire was designed to conduct on-the-spot investigations on sugar intake, brushing, dental floss usage, fluoride toothpaste usage. Results ① Eating before a meal and before bed: the proportion of sweet snacks, sweet drinks and sugary drinks consumed ≥2 times/day was higher in the rural group than in the urban group (P < 0.001), with onl
BACKGROUND: Children of low socioeconomic position (SEP) generally have poorer diets than children of high SEP. However there is no consensus on which SEP variable is most indicative of SEP ...differences in children’s diets. This study investigated associations between diet and various SEP indicators among children aged 9–13 years. METHOD: Families (n = 625) were recruited from 27 Adelaide primary schools in 2010. Children completed semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires providing intake scores for fruit, vegetables, non-core foods, sweetened drinks, and healthy and unhealthy eating behaviours. Parents reported demographic information by telephone interview. Differences in dietary intake scores were compared across parental education, income, occupation, employment status and home postcode. RESULTS: Across most SEP indicators, lower SEP was associated with poorer dietary outcomes, including higher intake of non-core foods and sweetened drinks, and more unhealthy behaviours; and lower intake of fruit and vegetables, and fewer healthy behaviours. The number and type of significant SEP-diet associations differed across SEP indicators and dietary outcomes. Mother’s education appeared most frequently as a predictor of children’s dietary intake, and postcode was the least frequent predictor of children’s dietary intake. CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic gradients in children’s dietary intake varied according to the SEP indicator used, suggesting indicator-specific pathways of influence on children’s dietary intake. Researchers should consider multiple indicators when defining SEP in relation to children’s eating.
There is a growing need to curb paediatric obesity. The aim of this study is to untangle associations between video-game-use attributes and obesity as a first step towards identifying and examining ...possible interventions. Cross-sectional time-lagged cohort study was employed using parent-child surveys (t1) and objective physical activity and physiological measures (t2) from 125 children/adolescents (mean age = 13.06, 9-17-year-olds) who play video games, recruited from two clinics at a Canadian academic children's hospital. Structural equation modelling and analysis of covariance were employed for inference. The results of the study are as follows: (i) self-reported video-game play duration in the 4-h window before bedtime is related to greater abdominal adiposity (waist-to-height ratio) and this association may be mediated through reduced sleep quality (measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index); and (ii) self-reported average video-game session duration is associated with greater abdominal adiposity and this association may be mediated through higher self-reported sweet drinks consumption while playing video games and reduced sleep quality. Video-game play duration in the 4-h window before bedtime, typical video-game session duration, sweet drinks consumption while playing video games and poor sleep quality have aversive associations with abdominal adiposity. Paediatricians and researchers should further explore how these factors can be altered through behavioural or pharmacological interventions as a means to reduce paediatric obesity.
Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze whether maternal negative affectivity assessed in pregnancy is related with subsequent infant food choices. Design: The study design was a cohort ...study. Subjects: The subjects were mothers (N=37 919) and their infants participating in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Measurements: Maternal negative affectivity assessed prepartum (Hopkins Symptom Checklist 5 (SCL-5) at weeks 17 and 30 of pregnancy), introduction of solid foods by month 3 and feeding of sweet drinks by month 6 (by the reports of the mothers) were analyzed. Results: Mothers with higher negative affectivity were 64% more likely (95% confidence interval 1.5-1.8) to feed sweet drinks by month 6, and 79% more likely (95% confidence interval 1.6-2.0) to introduce solid foods by month 3. These odds decreased to 41 and 30%, respectively, after adjusting for mother's age, body mass index (BMI) and education. Conclusion: The maternal trait of negative affectivity is an independent predictor of infant feeding practices that may be related with childhood weight gain, overweight and obesity.
In Australia, caries experience of 6‐year‐old and 12‐year‐old children has increased since the mid to late 1990s. Previously, caries rates had declined, attributable to community water fluoridation. ...The recent caries increase has been attributed speculatively to changes in fluid intake, including increased consumption of sweet drinks and bottled waters. Increasing urbanization and globalization have altered children’s diets worldwide, promoting availability and access to processed foods and sweet drinks. Studies in Australia and internationally have demonstrated significant associations between sweet drink intake and caries experience. Despite widespread fluoride availability in contemporary Australian society, the relationship between sugar consumption and caries development continues and restricting sugar intake remains key to caries prevention. Caries risk assessment should be included in treatment planning for all children; parents should be advised of their child’s risk level and given information on oral health promotion. Readily‐implemented caries risk assessment tools applicable to parents and clinicians are now available. Public health information should increase awareness that consuming sweet drinks can have deleterious effects on the dentition as well as the potential for promoting systemic disease. Restricting sales of sweet drinks and sweet foods and providing healthy food and drinks for purchase in schools is paramount.
Il a été largement démontré que la saveur sucrée était la saveur la plus appréciée chez les nouveau-nés et que cette attirance demeurait élevée tout au long de l’enfance et de l’adolescence. Il ...semble primordial de mieux caractériser le comportement alimentaire des enfants pour cette saveur en s’intéressant au rôle joué par les expériences alimentaires et aux apprentissages qui en découlent dans la mise en place de l’attirance pour les aliments et boissons sucrés. Pour répondre à cette problématique nous avons allié une approche comportementale et une approche en imagerie cérébrale (IRMf) chez les enfants de 7-12 ans afin de caractériser leur comportement alimentaire envers la saveur sucrée. Les résultats montrent peu de liens entre expositions à la saveur sucrée et attirance pour la saveur sucrée. Cependant, l’attirance pour la saveur sucrée est fortement associée à la quantité de glucides simples consommés en situation de libre choix. De plus, les sucres caloriques jouent un rôle renforçateur dans l’apprentissage de l’appréciation d’une flaveur nouvelle et l’exposition répétée à des boissons sucrées et édulcorées permet aux enfants d’apprendre à compenser l’énergie consommée aux repas suivants l’ingestion des boissons. La compensation n’est cependant que partielle. Enfin, les analyses en IRMf suggèrent que plus les enfants sont exposés aux boissons sucrées moins il y a d’activation en réponse aux sucres au niveau de régions du circuit de la récompense. Par une approche originale, ces travaux ont permis de mieux caractériser l’attirance des enfants pour la saveur sucrée et soulignent le rôle des apprentissages dans la mise en place des préférences alimentaires.
It has been widely demonstrated that infants have a higher preference for sweetness than for any other tastes and that sweetness attraction remain high throughout childhood and adolescence. Therefore, better characterizing children’s eating behavior toward sweetness by evaluating the role of food experiences and learning in the development of children’s attraction toward sweet foods and drinks seems essential. To better address this issue behavioral and brain imaging (fMRI) protocols were combined in 7 to 12 year-old children in order to characterize in different ways their eating behavior toward sweetness. Results showed few links between early and current sweetness exposure and attraction toward sweet taste. However, attraction toward sweet taste is strongly associated with simple carbohydrate intake in a free choice buffet. Moreover, nutritive carbohydrates play a reinforcing role in food learning in terms of children’s food liking. Children’s capacities to compensate the calories consumed in a preload drink are learned after repeated exposures to caloric and non-caloric drinks. However, caloric compensation remains uncomplete. Furthermore, fMRI data suggest that sweet drink exposure could lead to decreased activations in regions involved in food reward. Using an original methodological approach, the present work resulted in a better characterization of children’s attraction toward sweetness. Moreover, these results give an interesting insight regarding the role of experiences with sweet foods and drinks during childhood in the development of children’s food preferences.
PDF
