Cinque’s (1999) cartographic theory associates one meaning with one functional head. As such, if applied to sentence-final particles (SFPs), cartographic assumptions ought to group semantically ...similar SFPs onto the same functional head cross-linguistically (cf. Pan 2019; Sybesma & Li 2007). However, I show that aspectual and restrictive focus SFPs in Cantonese and Mandarin (Sinitic, Sino-Tibetan) seemingly contradict Cinque by occupying different structural positions despite their semantic closeness. To shed light on the problem, I adduce novel data from Guangzhou Cantonese and Singapore Cantonese, demonstrating that SFPs borrowed into these varieties are treated differently according to their structural height. Likewise citing scopal and other facts, I ultimately make a case for placing SFPs in multiple phases (Chomsky 2000 etc.), following Erlewine (2017) and Biberauer (2017), but contra Pan (2019), a.o. To accommodate Cinque (1999), I ultimately submit that different-phase SFPs constitute distinct lexical classes, which each cluster separately, but in the same semantically determined sequence compatible with cartographic assumptions.
Andrew Radford's latest textbook, Minimalist Syntax, provides a concise, clear, and accessible introduction to current work in syntactic theory, drawing on the key concepts of Chomsky's Minimalist ...Program. Assuming little or no prior knowledge of syntactic theory, Radford takes students through a diverse range of topics in English syntax - such as categories and features, merger, null constituents, movement, case, and split projections - and shows how the 'computational component' works within the minimalist framework. Beginning at an elementary level, the book introduces grammatical concepts and sets out the theoretical foundations of Principles and Parameters and Universal Grammar, before progressing in stages towards more complex phenomena. Each chapter contains a workbook section, in which students are encouraged to make their own analyses of English phrases and sentences through exercises, model answers, and 'helpful hints'. There is also an extensive glossary of terms.
This book discusses a number of approaches to charting the major developments in the syntax of English, addressing key issues of interpretation and focus for the benefit of students of the topic.
The architecture of the human language faculty has been one of the main foci of the linguistic research of the last half century. This branch of linguistics, broadly known as Generative Grammar, is ...concerned with the formulation of explanatory formal accounts of linguistic phenomena with the ulterior goal of gaining insight into the properties of the 'language organ'. The series comprises high quality monographs and collected volumes that address such issues. The topics in this series range from phonology to semantics, from syntax to information structure, from mathematical linguistics to studies of the lexicon.
The work analyzes the position, contact and distance in cognitive terms. The difference bitweena position and a part of a sentence is presented. The proof of this is sought in examples with the same ...word order and token presentation, but with different syntactic relations.A new syntactic category is substantated - cognitive code.The work analyzes the position, contact and distance in cognitive terms. The difference bitweena position and a part of a sentence is presented. The proof of this is sought in examples with the same word order and token presentation, but with different syntactic relations.A new syntactic category is substantated - cognitive code. The work analyzes the position, contact and distance in cognitive terms. The difference bitweena position and a part of a sentence is presented. The proof of this is sought in examples with the same word order and token presentation, but with different syntactic relations.A new syntactic category is substantated - cognitive code. The work analyzes the position, contact and distance in cognitive terms. The difference bitweena position and a part of a sentence is presented. The proof of this is sought in examples with the same word order and token presentation, but with different syntactic relations.A new syntactic category is substantated - cognitive code. The work analyzes the position, contact and distance in cognitive terms. The difference bitweena position and a part of a sentence is presented. The proof of this is sought in examples with the same word order and token presentation, but with different syntactic relations.A new syntactic category is substantated - cognitive code. The work analyzes the position, contact and distance in cognitive terms. The difference bitweena position and a part of a sentence is presented. The proof of this is sought in examples with the same word order and token presentation, but with different syntactic relations.A new syntactic category is substantated - cognitive code.
The aim of this article is to show which generative mechanisms are responsible for establishing a control relationship between syntactic structures. As a theoretical basis, the Movement Theory of ...Control by Hornstein was chosen because it has already been tested in numerous languages and has universal character. Its applicability was exemplified by some data of subject and object control in German. For this purpose, some derivations have been outlined. In addition, difficulties that this theory encounters were pointed out. For example, in the derivation of subject control over object, as it exists in the case of promise-verbs.
The main goal of this paper is to investigate the information structure of gapping, a linguistic level which has been much less studied than syntax or semantics. Romanian is a good test case for such ...a study, since it displays a specific contrastive conjunction iar, which occurs frequently with gapping and which severely restricts the information structure ordering. We explain its high frequency with ellipsis by the fact that it shares several crucial constraints with gapping. Our data show that the contrastive pairs with iar do not have the same contribution: one pair contains contrastive topics, and the other foci. However, the order of the correlates in the source clause does not necessarily match the order of the remnants in the gapped clause. We use a QUD model, based on question-answer congruence, which is very useful for a careful investigation of the discourse and information structure of ellipsis.
