The green hydrogen economy is considered one of the sustainable solutions to mitigate climate change. This study provides an economic analysis of a novel liquified hydrogen (LH2) tanker fuelled by ...hydrogen with a total capacity of ∼280,000 m3 of liquified hydrogen named ‘JAMILA’. An established economic method was applied to investigate the economic feasibility of the JAMILA ship as a contribution to the future zero-emission target. The systematic economic evaluation determined the net present value of the LH2 tanker, internal rate of return, payback period, and economic value added to support and encourage shipyards and the industrial sector in general. The results indicate that the implementation of the LH2 tanker ship can cover the capital cost of the ship within no more than 2.5 years, which represents 8.3% of the assumed 30-year operational life cycle of the project in the best maritime shipping prices conditions and 6 years in the worst-case shipping marine economic conditions. Therefore, the assessment of the economic results shows that the LH2 tankers may be a worthwhile contribution to the green hydrogen economy.
•Economic analysis of a novel liquified hydrogen tanker to achieve a zero-carbon target.•Three scenarios been Investigated to achieve the economic feasibility of the LH2 carrier ship.•Implementation of the LH2 carrier ship can cover the capital costs within 2.5 years.•The Economic Added Value for the LH2 tankers can achieve $USD 213, 514, 868.00
Large amounts of crude oil were found along Brazil's northeast and southeast seaboard from August 2019 to January 2020. Petroleum companies and oil tankers reported no accidents previously or during ...this period. The stranded oil on Brazilian beaches looks like tar; it has solid aspect and is denser than seawater. Chemical characterization of this oil showed that light hydrocarbons were still present, increasing the probability of negative effects to coastal organisms and ecosystems upon release in the water column. Diagnostic ratios, chromatogram pattern, and percentage-weathering plots proved that the oil samples share the same oil source. This work provides data for future comparison with oil samples that will likely be found stranded along the Brazilian shoreline in the years to come, helping to understand long term issues associated with the mysterious oil spill that made landfall in late 2019.
•Light hydrocarbons were still present in the stranded oil.•The spilled oil underwent minimal weathering.•The oil stranded along the Brazilian shoreline share the same oil source.
Perjanjian sewa beli merupakan kebiasaan dalam praktek yang sudah diakui sah menurut Yurisprudensi. di negara Inggris yaitu sewa beli diatur dengan Hire Purchase Act 1965 dan bentuk perjanjiannya ...menganut sistem terbuka. Latar belakang dilakukan sewa beli dalam masalah kepemilikan kapal tanker atau bare boat hire purchase ini, dimaksudkan agar mempunyai kapal dengan sistem pembayaran pembelian kapal dengan angsuran, sehingga beban biaya yang dikeluarkan tidak terlalu berat bila dibandingkan dengan membeli kapal tanker dengan sistem pembayaran tunai. Menurut Surat Keputusan Menteri Perdagangan dan Industri No.34/KP/II/80 tentang Perizinan Kegiatan Usaha Sewa Beli, jual beli dengan angsuran dan sewa diatur dalam Pasal 1 ayat 2. Pada Sewa Beli kapal tanker ini mengatur ketentuan asuransi kerugian yang telah ditetapkan untuk mengganti setiap kerugian yang apabila mungkin timbul. Namun bagaimana hal ini terjadi bila kapal tenggelam sedangkan angsuran yang telah dibayarkan sebagian pembayarannya telah masuk, apakah ada penggantian kerugian? namun antara teori dan prakteknya tidak sesuai karena ada pertimbangan-pertimbangan mengenai hal ini.
Perjanjian sewa beli merupakan kebiasaan dalam praktek yang sudah diakui sah menurut Yurisprudensi. di negara Inggris yaitu sewa beli diatur dengan Hire Purchase Act 1965 dan bentuk perjanjiannya ...menganut sistem terbuka. Latar belakang dilakukan sewa beli dalam masalah kepemilikan kapal tanker atau bare boat hire purchase ini, dimaksudkan agar mempunyai kapal dengan sistem pembayaran pembelian kapal dengan angsuran, sehingga beban biaya yang dikeluarkan tidak terlalu berat bila dibandingkan dengan membeli kapal tanker dengan sistem pembayaran tunai. Menurut Surat Keputusan Menteri Perdagangan dan Industri No.34/KP/II/80 tentang Perizinan Kegiatan Usaha Sewa Beli, jual beli dengan angsuran dan sewa diatur dalam Pasal 1 ayat 2. Pada Sewa Beli kapal tanker ini mengatur ketentuan asuransi kerugian yang telah ditetapkan untuk mengganti setiap kerugian yang apabila mungkin timbul. Namun bagaimana hal ini terjadi bila kapal tenggelam sedangkan angsuran yang telah dibayarkan sebagian pembayarannya telah masuk, apakah ada penggantian kerugian? namun antara teori dan prakteknya tidak sesuai karena ada pertimbangan-pertimbangan mengenai hal ini.
The purpose of this article is to present a quantitative analysis of the human failure contribution in the collision and/or grounding of oil tankers, considering the recommendation of the "Guidelines ...for Formal Safety Assessment" of the International Maritime Organization. Initially, the employed methodology is presented, emphasizing the use of the technique for human error prediction to reach the desired objective. Later, this methodology is applied to a ship operating on the Brazilian coast and, thereafter, the procedure to isolate the human actions with the greatest potential to reduce the risk of an accident is described. Finally, the management and organizational factors presented in the "International Safety Management Code" are associated with these selected actions. Therefore, an operator will be able to decide where to work in order to obtain an effective reduction in the probability of accidents. Even though this study does not present a new methodology, it can be considered as a reference in the human reliability analysis for the maritime industry, which, in spite of having some guides for risk analysis, has few studies related to human reliability effectively applied to the sector.
The UK Department for Transport (DfT) had observed that some petroleum road tankers contained defects in their circumferential welds, and these defects could increase the risk of failure during ...accidents. HSE SD were asked by the DfT to carry out rollover tests of tankers (topple tests) and predict the global impact response (assessment of weld failure was a separate piece of work and is not reported here). Two tankers containing the weld defects were obtained and topple tests were conducted. Predictions from the model were compared with pressure, strain and deformation measurements. In most comparisons good agreement was found between measurements and predictions. Once the model was verified by measurements with water as the payload in the topple tests it was revised to include fuel loads. This led to higher impact deformations (the reasons for this are discussed). This work has improved understanding of the response of these tankers in accident situations. The DfT have used the findings to assist UK Government Ministers' policy decisions regarding the non-compliant tankers.
Today, most merchant vessels use Heavy Fuel Oils (HFOs) for ship propulsion. These fuels are cost effective but they produce significant amounts of noxious emissions. In order to comply with ...International Maritime Organization (IMO) rules, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is becoming an interesting option for merchant ships. The aim of the research presented in this paper is to analyse the economic upturn that can result from the use of LNG as fuel for merchant ships and to assess the effects of its utilization in terms of environmental impact.
In the first part of the study, a statistical analysis of maritime traffic is carried out in order to identify which merchant ship types could most benefit from using LNG as fuel for ship propulsion. Traffic data of world ships related to the months of May 2008, 2009 and 2010 are analysed. Roll-on/Roll-off vessels (RoRo) and tanker ships spend most of their sailing time in Emission Control Areas (ECA) consequently appear to be the best candidates for LNG use. In particular, the use of LNG is most profitable for tanker ships in the range of 10,000–60,000 DWT (deadweight).
In the second part of the study, operational costs and pollutant emission reduction, following LNG implementation, are calculated for a 33,000 DWT tanker ship. Results show that LNG leads to a reduction of 35% of operational costs and 25% of CO2 emissions.
The possibility of improving energy efficiency on board is analysed considering that combustion gases, produced by LNG, are cleaner, thus simplifying the introduction of exhaust gas heat recovery. Two options are considered: simple heat recovery and heat recovery to drive a turbine (ORC). The results show that it is possible to achieve a reduction in fuel consumption of up to 15%.
•Ship propulsion accounts for a large amount of noxious emissions in costal/harbour areas.•Today price differential between fuel oil and natural gas is increasing.•The use of Liquefied Natural Gas as fuel allows reducing emissions, complying emissions rules and reducing operating cost.•A maritime traffic analysis was developed for identifying best ships for LNG use: small-medium tankers are the best candidates.•Several energy recovery solutions have been considered on a LNG tanker to improve efficiency (+15%) and reduce costs (−20%).
The ongoing oil spill from the blown-out well by the name of Macondo, drilled by the ill-fated rig Deepwater Horizon, has many features in common with another blowout in the Mexican Gulf that ...happened three decades ago. Then the oil gushed out from the Ixtoc I well drilled by the Sedco 135-F semi-submersible rig. In the years between these catastrophes, the source and nature of oil spills have undergone large changes. Huge spills from tankers that ran aground or collided used to be what caught the headlines and caused large ecological damage. The number and size of such accidental spills have decreased significantly. Instead, spills from ageing, ill-maintained or sabotaged pipelines have increased, and places like Arctic Russia, the Niger Delta, and the northwestern Amazon have become sites of reoccurring oil pollution. As for blowouts, there is no clear trend with regard to the number of incidences or amounts of spilled oil, but deepwater blowouts are much harder to cap and thus tend to go on longer and result in the release of larger quantities of oil. Also, oil exploration and extraction is moving into ever-deeper water and into stormier and icier seas, increasing potential risks. The risk for reoccurring spills like the two huge Mexican Gulf ones is eminent and must be reduced.
Despite increased domestic production, the U.S. is still importing more than one-third of its crude oil needs, the vast majority via ocean tankers. At the same time, there are increasing concerns ...about the vulnerability of ports and terminals to man-made and natural disasters. This paper advances a methodology for estimating the total economic consequences of and resilience to a disruption of crude oil and refined petroleum product trade at a major seaport. The methodology is able to estimate not only the direct impacts of such disruptions but also the supply-chain effects. It also estimates the effects of muting the impacts by various resilience tactics such as ship re-routing, drawing inventories from storage, accessing the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, geographic shifting of petroleum refining, and production rescheduling. We apply the methodology to a 90-day disruption of petroleum trade at the twin seaports of Beaumont and Port Arthur, Texas. The results indicate that port region and national economic activity could decline by billions of dollars, but that resilience can reduce these consequences significantly. We also conclude that factors associated with the recent surge in the extraction of shale and tight oil resources has significantly enhanced the potential effectiveness of some resilience tactics.
•Seaports are increasingly vulnerable to disruptions from man-made and natural threats.•Petroleum import and export disruptions are transmitted up and down supply chains.•Resilience tactics can significantly dampen regional and national economic impacts.•Not all seaports may be critical to regional and national energy security.•The recent shale-oil boom has contributed to the resilience of the US energy system.
Selecting appropriate LNG tankers is paramount in the maritime sector. Opting for suitable second-hand LNG vessels is a significant and efficient strategy for managing transportation operations ...effectively and meeting industry standards. Given LNG tanker specifications and shipbuilding capacity, the second-hand LNG tanker market adequately meets maritime industry demands. Thus, there is a strong motivation to evaluate the current second-hand vessel market. However, uncertainties prevail, necessitating decision-makers to employ a resilient and practical methodological framework to address uncertainties and complex decision-making scenarios effectively. This study proposes a decision-making framework integrating the Delphi and Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) methods, leveraging interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FSs). This framework resolves real-life challenges associated with selecting second-hand LNG tankers, demonstrating the practicality of the approach. Using IT2FSs, the Delphi method identifies critical criteria influencing second-hand tanker vessel selection. “Cargo carriage capacity" emerged as the most influential criterion, followed by "purchasing costs" and "year of construction." Moreover, "Mediterranean Energy" was deemed the most suitable second-hand LNG tanker among the six alternatives assessed. Thorough sensitivity analysis validated the proposed model and its implications, confirming its validity and applicability.
Fresh food supplier selection for global retail chains via bipolar neutrosophic methodology. Display omitted
•The current paper presents the IT2F –ARAS approach, which is robust MCDM tool.•It can be applied to solve highly complicated second-hand LNG tanker selection problems.•It has identified criteria for second-hand LNG tanker selection for the first time.•It presents a novel approach, namely IT2F-Delphi, to select the proper criteria.•It presents a flexible decision-making approach for real decision-making problems.
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