The efficacy of alternative biofuel policies in achieving energy, environmental and agricultural policy goals is assessed using economic cost-benefit analysis. Government mandates are superior to ...consumption subsidies, especially with suboptimal fuel taxes and the higher costs involved with raising tax revenues. But subsidies with mandates cause adverse interaction effects; oil consumption is subsidized instead. This unique result also applies to renewable electricity that faces similar policy combinations. Ethanol policy can have a significant impact on corn prices; if not, inefficiency costs rise sharply. Ethanol policy can increase the inefficiency of farm subsidies and vice-versa. Policies that discriminate against trade, such as production subsidies and tariffs, can more than offset any benefits of a mandate. Sustainability standards are ineffective and illegal according to the WTO, and so should be re-designed.
Summarises the process and report of the Tax Working Group (TWG) established by the Victoria University of Wellington Centre for Accounting, Governance and Taxation Research (CAGTR), along with ...government sector officials, on the proposed reforms to the NZ tax system contained in the 2010 Budget. Introduces four papers presented at a recent symposium held in that regard. Source: National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa, licensed by the Department of Internal Affairs for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.
Taxing the multinational enterprise Foss, Nicolai J; Mudambi, Ram; Murtinu, Samuele
Journal of international business studies,
12/2019, Letnik:
50, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The taxation of the multinational enterprise (MNE) has been a continuing concern for policymakers. We argue that the changing nature of the mobile MNE (e.g., its improved ability to fine-slice the ...value chain and disperse it geographically) makes it increasingly important to rethink current tax policies. First, there should be more focus on the inefficiencies that arise when taxation leads to the inefficient location of MNE activities. Thus, MNEs may shift activities to low-tax jurisdictions that offer lucrative pecuniary and non-pecuniary incentives, but do not enable their investments to maximize their contribution to global value creation. Second, international tax regimes should ensure that MNEs pay for their consumption of local public goods, and public finance scholars have long known that the taxation-based distortions are minimized when the tax objects are immobile. However, the bulk of current tax policies are aimed at corporate profits that are both poor proxies for the consumption of local public goods as well as extremely mobile. Integrating theory from international business, public finance and economic geography, our analysis demonstrates that moving the incidence of taxation from corporate profits to dividends and consumption would unambiguously improve both wealth creation and efficiency.
GEOGRAPHIC MOBILITY AND REDISTRIBUTION Coen‐Pirani, Daniele
International economic review (Philadelphia),
August 2021, 2021-08-00, 20210801, Letnik:
62, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
I study the effect of progressive taxation on internal migration and welfare using a quantitative dynamic model of geographic mobility. The model, which is analytically tractable, predicts that a ...more progressive tax‐transfer scheme reduces internal migration rates. The magnitude of this relationship is consistent with reduced‐form evidence for OECD countries. The internal migration channel contributes to significantly lower optimal tax progressivity relative to the one‐location version of the economy. The optimal sequence of tax progressivity along the transition features a relatively high degree of tax progressivity early on, followed by a declining path of tax progressivity over time.
Many countries have only recently introduced carbon taxation to reduce emissions and the time series data for evaluating these policies is not available yet. We use the introduction of fossil taxes ...in the German transportation sector to evaluate the effectiveness of environmental taxation. We employ synthetic control methods in the quantitative section of our analysis. The results indicate that the carbon price increase by about 66 €/t CO2 led to a considerable decline of transport emissions by 0.2–0.35 t per person and year. We also show that the sales share of diesel cars quickly increases after the reform, whereas the fuel efficiency of non-diesel cars increases with a three-year time lag. Most importantly, a qualitative analysis of a German car manufacturer's business reports also suggests that the tax triggered an improvement in engine technology.
•There are very few studies on the effectiveness of taxation.•When addressing climate change, few countries employ fossil fuel taxation.•Our results suggest that fossil fuel taxation in the German road transport sector was effective.•The emissions decrease of 10% was mostly caused by the introduction of fuel-efficient vehicles.•Taxation should be employed as a core strategic response in mitigating climate change.
We assess the COVID-19 pandemic’s implications for state government sales and income tax revenues. We estimate that the economic declines implied by recent forecasts from the Congressional Budget ...Office will lead to a shortfall of roughly $106 billion in states’ sales and income tax revenues for the third quarter of 2020 through the second quarter of 2021 (the 2021 fiscal year for most states). This is equivalent to 0.5 percent of gross domestic product and 11.5 percent of our pre-COVID sales and income tax projection. Additional tax shortfalls from the second quarter of 2020 (the final quarter of most states’ 2020 fiscal years) may amount to roughly $42 billion. We discuss how these revenue declines fit into several pieces of the broader economic context. These include other revenues (e.g., university tuition and fees) that are also at risk, as well as spending needs necessitated by the public health crisis itself. Further dimensions of context involve fiscal support enacted through several pieces of federal legislation.
This Condensed Version of the OECD Model Tax Convention contains the full text of the Articles, Commentary, and Country Positions of the Model Tax Convention as it read on 17 July 2008. It does not ...include the historical notes, the detailed list of tax conventions between OECD member countries or the background reports that are included in the Electronic Version and the two-volume looseleaf version.The full-length version of the OECD Model Tax Convention is now available electronically. The Electronic Version 2008 includes such features as the ability to open up to four windows, extensive internal linking - making it easy to link from an article to its commentary; fast searching capabilities; the ability for the user to attach notes to specific areas of text; and cut and paste capabilities.
Editorial Evans, Chris; Woellner, Robin
eJournal of tax research,
12/2020, Letnik:
18, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
'New Frontiers in Managing Revenue Systems': 14th International Tax Administration Conference Since 1992, the International Tax Administration Conference, organised by the tax school at UNSW Sydney, ...has provided a venue for exchange of ideas and research findings from scholars, administrators and policy-makers from universities, the private sector and regulators around the world, generating high-level, stimulating and often spirited discussion on a wide range of tax administration issues. The papers addressed a number of the Conference sub-themes of cutting edge initiatives in service delivery and compliance; data policy, ethical exploitation, cyber security and new developments in regulating data platforms; globalisation of revenue administration; tax dispute resolution and new approaches to protect the vulnerable; new business models developing in the digitised economy, particularly in Asia and Pacific countries, and exploring administrative policy options that may be required in order to administer taxes effectively, including new powers and protections from the perspective of taxpayers, practitioners and tax administrations. An analysis of the state of taxpayers' rights in New Zealand by Professor Adrian Sawyer laments the missed opportunities to improve taxpayers rights through the establishment of a dedicated tax ombudsman and taxpayer advisory service model similar to those in the United States, as well as the failure to consider other reforms including introduction of a formal taxpayers' Bill of Rights, and other measures which could have helped to 'flatten' an uneven playing field currently favouring the Inland Revenue in New Zealand (a problem familiar to Australia as well).
Looks at the potential importance of allowing for substitution effects in considering the effectiveness of imposing a tax on a commodity (or group) having a high sugar content, when non-taxed ...commodities exist and also have relatively high calorie content. Source: National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa, licensed by the Department of Internal Affairs for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.
This paper reviews the empirical literature studying the effect of the introduction of presumptive taxation methods on taxpayers’ behavior. Although the concept of presumptive taxation entails ...numerous alternative methods to determine tax liabilities, I survey two main areas of the literature: indirect tax assessment methods and presumptive minimum taxes. The review investigates efficiency and equity implications of presumptive taxation methods. Conflicting conclusions emerge about the effectiveness of presumptive policy tools in achieving different goals, such as the increase of voluntary tax compliance, the growth of tax revenues, and the reduction of shadow economy and fiscal evasion.
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