State-of-the-art analysis of geological structures has become increasingly quantitative but traditionally, graphical methods are used in teaching. This innovative lab book provides a unified ...methodology for problem-solving in structural geology using linear algebra and computation. Assuming only limited mathematical training, the book begins with classic orientation problems and progresses to more fundamental topics of stress, strain and error propagation. It introduces linear algebra methods as the foundation for understanding vectors and tensors, and demonstrates the application of geometry and kinematics in geoscience without requiring students to take a supplementary mathematics course. All algorithms are illustrated with a suite of online MATLAB functions, allowing users to modify the code to solve their own structural problems. Containing 20 worked examples and over 60 exercises, this is the ideal lab book for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduate students. It will also provide professional structural geologists with a valuable reference and refresher for calculations.
Kompleks batuan gunung api Adang di daerah Kabupaten Mamuju, Sulawesi Barat secara lebih detail dapat dikelompokkan menjadi tujuh, yaitu kompleks Tapalang, Ampalas, Adang, Malunda, Karampuang, ...Sumare, dan Labuan Rano. Komplek Adang merupakan salah satu komplek gunungapi utama yang masih dapat diidentifikasi bentukan morfologinya dengan baik. Komplek ini tersusunatas batuan gunung api basa hingga intermediet yang memiliki nilai laju dosis radiasi cukup tinggi yang disebabkan oleh kandungan mineral radioaktif di dalamnya. Keterdapatan mineral radioaktif pada batuan basaltik-andesitik belum pernah dijumpai di Indonesia sehingga hal ini menjadi sangat menarik untuk dilakukan penelitian terutama tataan tektonika pembentukan batuan komplek gunung api tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan tipologi magmatik yang terkait dengantataan tektonikanya dengan pendekatan geokimia batuan gunung api menggunakan analisis X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Batuan gunung api Adang merupakan hasil dari proses vulkanisme suatu komplekgunung api yang memiliki pusat erupsi dan beberapa kubah lava. Batuan tersebut tersusun atas batuan trachyte-phonolite, dengan afinitas magmatiknya ultrapotasik, Dari data tersebut dapat diinterpretasi bahwa tataan tektonika magmatologinya adalah active continental margin(ACM). Magma asal yang membentuknya dari aktivitas gunung apinya dipengaruhi oleh kerak benua mikro barat daya (South West/SW) Sulawesi. Adang volcanic complexlocated in Mamuju Region, West Sulawesi can be grouped more detail into seven complexes that are Tapalang, Ampalas, Adang, Malunda, Karampuang, Sumare, and Labuan Rano. Adang complex is one of the main volcanic complexes that still can be identified with good morphological formations. This complex is composed of alkaline volcanic rocks with basic to intermediates composition that have high value of radiation dose rate caused by their radioactive mineral content. Radioactive mineral occurrences on the basaltic-andesitic rocks has never been found in Indonesia, so it becomes very interesting to do research mainly tectonic settings of the volcanic rock complex formation. The purpose of this study is to determine magmatiic typology related with the tectonic setting based on volcanic rock geochemistry using X-Ray Fluorences (XRF) analysis. Adang volcanic rock is the result of a complex process of volcanism having a volcanic center and several lava domes. They are composed of phonolite to dacite rock, with ultrapotassic affinity, interpretation of data concluded that tectonic setting of magmatism formed in active continental margin (ACM). Magmatism source from vulcanic activities influenced by South WestSulawesi micro-continental crust.
GIS based buffer analysis methods were applied for analysing spatial distribution anddensity of dolinas in the NW part of Velika Kapela. Results extracted from existing spatialdatabases indicated ...spatial distribution of faults, as well as a degree of relationship betweendirection and density of dolinas with identified lineaments. By comparing faults identified fromdolina analysis, with faults identified during on-situ mapping, major tectonic blocks or unitswithin researched area were identified. Bigger regional and local faults identified from digitalelevation model are dividing larger tectonic units, while smaller local faults derived fromlinearly developed dolina are mostly dividing smaller tectonic blocks and can indicate theirdegree of faultness and deformities.
The “Archive of the Working Group of the Memelland Districts” is sustained by the umbrella organization of the former (mostly German speaking) Memelland inhabitants and their descendants – the ...“Working Group of the Memelland Districts e.V.” (“Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Memellandkreise”, AdM). The archive was founded in 1991 in the town of Cloppenburg in Lower Saxony by pooling several older collections and museum inventories. It is looked after exclusively in an honorary capacity, is located in a private house, and for this reason has limited accessibility. Due to a lack of space, a part of its inventory was relocated to Oldenburg in 2005, where it is also temporarily limited in use. In addition to its archival records, in a narrower sense the archive contains an extensive library in both the German and the Lithuanian language including literature from and about Memelland and the rest of East Prussia. All together, the inventory makes up to at least 100 shelf meters. The archive inventory consists of printed and hand-written documents, photographs and postcards, graphic artwork, water-colour paintings, films and video documentations as well as individual artefacts such as models etc.Among the printed objects worth mentioning in particular are older newspaper issues or single volumes of the 19th century from the city of Memel and Memelland. Among the hand-written documents there are extensive written reminders such as reports on events and autobiographies of a number of Memellanders. Not least of all of further historical interest are the complete documentations of the activity of the organization of Memelland expellees and their individual local groups dating back to 1948. It is planned to record a considerable part of the inventory electronically to also make it digitally visible and usable (internet). No decision, however, has yet been made concerning the future of the whole inventory.
Prof. em. Fachhochschule Bielefeld, VokietijaPlaschischen 53, A-9074 Keutschach, AustrijaEl. paštas: man.klein@aon.atStraipsnyje nagrinėjama buvusių Klaipėdos krašto gyventojų archyvo Cloppenburge ir Oldenburge istorija ir funkcijos. Čia kalbama apie kolekcijų apimtį, jų proveniencijas ir paieškos sistemos pagrindu pristatomą archyvo klasifikaciją, remiantis kai kuriais dokumentais bandoma atskleisti fondo sudėtį, informuojama apie ribotą prieigą ir kol kas privačiose rankose esančio archyvo ateities perspektyvas.
Pulau Bali dan sekitarnya berada dekat dengan zona subduksi sehingga rawan terhadap bencana gempa bumi. Struktur utama yang menyebabkan gempa bumi di Bali umumnya berada di zona subduksi di bagian ...selatan dan di zona sesar naik belakang busur di utara yang dikenal dengan sesar naik Flores. Selain potensi gempa dari kedua zona sesar ini, gempa yang berasal dari zona sesar di darat juga bisa menimbulkan bahaya yang signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pemetaan sesar aktif di darat dengan menggunakan kombinasi antara metode penginderaan jauh dengan survey lapangan. Data yang digunakan sebagai peta dasar adalah data digital elevation (DEM) model DEMNAS beresolusi 8 m serta data DEM beresolusi 0.5 m yang dihasilkan melalui proses fotogrametri dari foto udara. Analisis kelurusan menunjukkan adanya pola berarah baratlaut-tenggara dan timulaut-baratdaya. Validasi di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa kelurusan ini berasosiasi dengan keberadaan sesar-sesar geser, sesar oblique dan sesar turun. Sesar-sesar ini memotong batuan berumur Kuarter hingga endapan masa kini. Selain itu, data sebaran seismisitas menunjukkan adanya zona kegempaan dangkal yang berada pada area di sekitar kelurusan yang dipetakan. Kedua indikator ini menunjukkan bahwa sesar-sesar yang teridentifikasi dalam penelitian ini bisa dikategorikan sebagai sesar aktif. Hasil dari penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman baru mengenai geometri sesar aktif yang ada di Pulau Bali dan potensi kegempaan di masa yang akan datang yang memberikan kontribusi terhadap upaya mitigasi bencana gempa bumi di Pulau Bali. Bali and its surrounding region are located within proximity of the Sunda-Banda subduction zone making it prone to earthquake hazards. The structures that caused earthquakes in Bali are mainly from the front subduction faults and from the back-arc thrust fault known as the Flores Fault. In addition, earthquakes are frequently occur in the inland fault system. This study aims to map the inland active faults in Bali using a combination of remotely-based and field-mapping methods. We use the 8-m resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of DEMNAS and the 0.5 m resolution DEM from photogrammetry processing of aerial photo as our base maps. Our lineament analysis identifies northwest-southeast and northeast-southwest lineaments. Our field observation confirms these lineaments to be associated with strike-slip, oblique and normal faults. These faults dissect Quarternary to recent rock units. In addition, seismicity data indicate the occurrence of shallow earthquakes in the vicinity of these structures. All of these indicate that these structures are active. Results from this study provide a new understanding of the inland active fault geometry in Bali, useful in the seismic hazard analysis and may contribute to the earthquake mitigation efforts in Bali.
The three texts collected in this book ('Tectonics in Architecture') maintain the common view of architecture as craft, in the ancient Greek sense of poiesis, as an act of making, the making of ...material objects. This craft is assigned the term tectonics. The central text of the book is the essay written by the architectural theoretician Kenneth Frampton, in which he responds to the burning problem of architecture: the closing of the possibilities for architecture to work as a creative, thinking practice. His thesis maintains that in order to resist this process of turning architecture into but a giant commodity, an insistence on a specifically architectural way of making of objects is necessary. And according to Frampton, this specific architectural way of making is what we would call construction, that is, tectonic construction. In order to preserve architecture, a return to tectonics is needed. And a return to tectonics is an emphasis on the material base or ground of architecture. In developing this thesis Frampton follows the work of two German architects of the 19th century, Karl Bötticher and Gottfried Semper, who first elaborated the term tectonic in the modern sense. This book includes parts of their respective studies: the preface and part of the introduction of Bötticher's seminal work The Tectonic of the Hellenes, and the fifth chapter of the Semper's celebrated work The Four Elements of Architecture.
Is Gaia becoming Thanatia, a resource exhausted planet? For how long can our high-tech society be sustained in the light of declining mineral ore grades, heavy dependence on un-recycled critical ...metals and accelerated material dispersion? These are all root causes of future disruptions that need to be addressed today.This book presents a cradle-to-cradle view of the Earth's abiotic resources through a novel and rigorous approach based on the Second Law of Thermodynamics: heat dissipates and materials deteriorate and disperse. Quality is irreversibly lost. This allows for the assessment of such depletion and can be used to estimate the year where production of the main mineral commodities could reach its zenith. By postulating Thanatia, one acquires a sense of destiny and a concern for a unified global management of the planet's abiotic resource endowment.The book covers the core aspects of geology, geochemistry, mining, metallurgy, economics, the environment, thermodynamics and thermochemistry. It is supported by comprehensive databases related to mineral resources, including detailed compositions of the Earth's layers, thermochemical properties of over 300 substances, historical energy and mineral resource inventories, energy consumption and environmental impacts in the mining and metallurgical sector and world recycling rates of commodities.
Planetary Tectonics Watters, Thomas R; Schultz, Richard A
12/2009, Letnik:
v.Series Number 11
eBook
This book describes the tectonic landforms resulting from major internal and external forces acting on the outer layers of solid bodies throughout the Solar System. It presents a detailed survey of ...tectonic structures at a range of length scales found on Mercury, Venus, the Moon, Mars, the outer planet satellites, and asteroids. A diverse range of models for the sources of tectonic stresses acting on silicate and icy crusts is outlined, comparing processes acting throughout the Solar System. Rheological and mechanical properties of planetary crusts and lithospheres are discussed to understand how and why tectonic stresses manifest themselves differently on various bodies. Results from fault population data are assessed in detail. The book provides methods for mapping and analysing planetary tectonic features, and is illustrated with diagrams and spectacular images returned by manned and robotic spacecraft. It forms an essential reference for researchers and students in planetary geology and tectonics.
Atlas of Mylonites Wiersma, Dirk J; Passchier, Cees W; Trouw, Rudolph A. J
2010, 20091204, 2010-02-08
eBook
Odprti dostop
" Mylonites form in response to high rates of strain within deep ductile shear zones, which are the extensions at depth of surface faults, thrusts and fault breccias, They can have many different ...mineralogical compositions and are therefore defined on their textural appearance. This atlas provides high definition images of a large number of different mylonites allowing students and geologists to correctly classify them with greater ease. It also provides insights into the interpretation of mylonitic fabrics to answer questions such as, from what type of rock did this mylonite derive? What were the metamorphic circumstances during mylonitization? What was the intensity of deformation?, and What was the sense of shear? This book will complement the very successful textbook ""Microtectonics"" by Passchier and Trouw."
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