Standing surgery and procedures of the head Ford, T.S. (Clovis Equine Clinic, Clovis, California)
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice,
12/1991, Letnik:
7, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Although most surgical procedures of the head are technically easier to perform with the horse under general anesthesia, other factors will influence whether a surgical procedure is performed with ...the horse standing or recumbent under the influence of general anesthesia. The accessibility of the head lends itself to many standing surgical procedures if the proper combination of analgesia and physical and chemical restraint is used. Traumatic injuries of the head (lacerations, facial bone fractures, and oral fractures) may involve vital structures, and a thorough examination is indicated. Failure to treat a traumatic injury may result in facial deformity, bony sequestra, paranasal sinusitis, salivary-cutaneous fistula, cutaneous fistulas into a nasal passage or paranasal sinus, nasal septal deformities, and ocular dysfunction. Proper management of these injuries typically results in a cosmetic outcome because of the head's abundant blood supply. Other surgical procedures that can be performed in the standing horse include centesis and trephination of the paranasal sinuses, certain dental procedures, alar fold stabilization, and extirpation of epidermal inclusion cysts of the nasal diverticulum.
Morphometry interpretation and speleogenesis. Examples of caves in the Provence area , France (gallery orientations, patterns and structural grid). Successive tectonic phases on limestone massifs are ...at the origin of a fracturation grid with several pattern dimensions, and linear or organized, drain directions. Mechanical reactivations are observed from Oligocene until Plio-Quaternary on a former «pyrénéo-provençal» structure (Eocene). Statistical analysis of gallery and fracture directions, cave levels and descent stages (overdeepening) show several erosional stages occurring after the formation of the Antevindobonian erosional surface. The active speleogenesis during Oligocene and Miocene was controlled by tectonics in connection with European rifting and mediterranean opening. In Messinian a short and significant lowering of mediterranean base level (and water table) made drastic erosion and created vertical pits. The horizontal cave level dug during the stabilization phase of Pliocene, now perched over underground rivers, shows a new overdeepening because of glacio-eustatic Quaternary oscillations. Compressive or distensive mechanical reactivations (Upper Miocene, Pliocene, Quaternary ) modified the drainage and consequently the cave organization : self-piracy, confluence and diffluence. In the endokarst, the drainage inversion can be detected in late Upper continental Miocene and early Messinian (6,5 My), in correlation with the tilting and extension of the continental margin. Five caves in Provence are studied : Sabre, Petit Saint-Cassien, Rampins, Planesselve river, and Tête du Cade networks.
Les impacts tectoniques issus des phases successives affectant les massifs calcaires fournissent une "grille" de fracturation comportant plusieurs dimensions de "mailles" et orientent la distribution des drains linéaires ou hiérarchisés. Des rejeux sont observés de l'Oligocène au Plio-Quaternaire, à partir du bâti initial pyrénéo-provençal. L'analyse statistique des directions de galeries et des mailles correspondantes, la position des paliers karstiques et des crans de descente successifs des réseaux, permettent l'identification de plusieurs phases de creusement postérieures à la formation des surfaces d'arasion. La spéléogenèse, très active durant l'Oligocène et le Miocène, est induite par la tectonique et l'ouverture du rifting européen, puis méditerranéen. Au Messinien, l'abaissement bref et brutal du niveau de base de la Méditerranée, amène une violente érosion et la formation de puits verticaux spectaculaires. L'étage karstique horizontal suspendu du Pliocène est surcreusé à son tour à la faveur des oscillations glacio-eustatiques du Quaternaire. Des rejeux compressifs ou distensifs au Miocène supérieur, au Pliocène et au Quaternaire modifient les drainages et la topographie de l'endokarst : formations de boucles, confluences et déviations. On décèle l'inversion des drainages à la limite du Miocène continental supérieur / Messinien (6,5 Ma), corrélée au basculement et à l'extension de la marge continentale. Cinq exemples locaux sont traités : réseau Sabre, Petit St-Cassien, grotte des Rampins, rivière souterraine de Planesselve, réseau de la Tête du Cade.
The morphology and alterations of infective juvenile (J2) body components with emphasis on the body wall, stomatal wall, stylet, and sensilla of Heterodera glycines were observed. During the molt of ...J2 to J3, the J2 hypodermis separates from the J2 cuticle and forms an extracellular space, continuous with an invagination of the anterior, center of the J3. The space between the J2 cuticle and the enlarged J3 hypodermal cells is filled with electron-dense material resembling a fluid observed in insects during molt. Regeneration of the J2 during molt was traced in a series of ultrathin sections. The site of stylet regeneration is in the hypodermal and myoepithelial tissues of the invaginated anterior, center of the J3. Four arcade-like cells are related to specific components of the stomatal wall, the stylet cone, and the stylet shaft of the J3. The first and second arcade-like cells are primarily related to stomatal wall development, whereas the third and fourth arcade-like cells are related to stylet cone and shaft development. Spherical, electron-translucent vacuoles that occur in myoepithelial cells just posterior to the arcade-like cells appear to be progenitors of the stylet knobs. Early stages of protractor muscle attachment to the vacuolar membrane were observed.
Les éléments anamnestiques et cliniques et les examens complémentaires lors de la dermatite prurigineuse féline de la tête et du cou sont indiqués. Une démarche diagnostique est proposée
Monografia
Data atribuída com base no período que medeia entre o levantamento da folha e a indicação dos serviços de já estar publicada (ver "Ocupação Científica do Ultramar português", Agência Geral ...das Colónias, 1945, p. 165-166)
Monographic bibliographic item