An essential resource for graduate students and astrophysicists This is a comprehensive and richly illustrated textbook on the astrophysics of the interstellar and intergalactic medium—the gas and ...dust, as well as the electromagnetic radiation, cosmic rays, and magnetic and gravitational fields, present between the stars in a galaxy and also between galaxies themselves.Topics include radiative processes across the electromagnetic spectrum; radiative transfer; ionization; heating and cooling; astrochemistry; interstellar dust; fluid dynamics, including ionization fronts and shock waves; cosmic rays; distribution and evolution of the interstellar medium; and star formation. While it is assumed that the reader has a background in undergraduate-level physics, including some prior exposure to atomic and molecular physics, statistical mechanics, and electromagnetism, the first six chapters of the book include a review of the basic physics that is used in later chapters. This graduate-level textbook includes references for further reading, and serves as an invaluable resource for working astrophysicists. * Essential textbook on the physics of the interstellar and intergalactic medium * Based on a course taught by the author for more than twenty years at Princeton University * Covers radiative processes, fluid dynamics, cosmic rays, astrochemistry, interstellar dust, and more * Discusses the physical state and distribution of the ionized, atomic, and molecular phases of the interstellar medium * Reviews diagnostics using emission and absorption lines * Features color illustrations and detailed reference materials in appendices * Instructor's manual with problems and solutions (available only to teachers)
Modern electronic devices and novel materials often derive their extraordinary properties from the intriguing, complex behavior of large numbers of electrons forming what is known as an electron ...liquid. This book provides an in-depth introduction to the physics of the interacting electron liquid in a broad variety of systems, including metals, semiconductors, artificial nano-structures, atoms and molecules. One, two and three dimensional systems are treated separately and in parallel. Different phases of the electron liquid, from the Landau Fermi liquid to the Wigner crystal, from the Luttinger liquid to the quantum Hall liquid are extensively discussed. Both static and time-dependent density functional theory are presented in detail. Although the emphasis is on the development of the basic physical ideas and on a critical discussion of the most useful approximations, the formal derivation of the results is highly detailed and based on the simplest, most direct methods.
Covering all aspects of gravitation in a contemporary style, this advanced textbook is ideal for graduate students and researchers in all areas of theoretical physics. The 'Foundation' section ...develops the formalism in six chapters, and uses it in the next four chapters to discuss four key applications - spherical spacetimes, black holes, gravitational waves and cosmology. The six chapters in the 'Frontier' section describe cosmological perturbation theory, quantum fields in curved spacetime, and the Hamiltonian structure of general relativity, among several other advanced topics, some of which are covered in-depth for the first time in a textbook. The modular structure of the book allows different sections to be combined to suit a variety of courses. Over 200 exercises are included to test and develop the reader's understanding. There are also over 30 projects, which help readers make the transition from the book to their own original research.
Advanced Transport Phenomena is ideal as a graduate textbook. It contains a detailed discussion of modern analytic methods for the solution of fluid mechanics and heat and mass transfer problems, ...focusing on approximations based on scaling and asymptotic methods, beginning with the derivation of basic equations and boundary conditions and concluding with linear stability theory. Also covered are unidirectional flows, lubrication and thin-film theory, creeping flows, boundary layer theory, and convective heat and mass transport at high and low Reynolds numbers. The emphasis is on basic physics, scaling and nondimensionalization, and approximations that can be used to obtain solutions that are due either to geometric simplifications, or large or small values of dimensionless parameters. The author emphasizes setting up problems and extracting as much information as possible short of obtaining detailed solutions of differential equations. The book also focuses on the solutions of representative problems. This reflects the book's goal of teaching readers to think about the solution of transport problems.
This volume explores Nordic textbooks chronologically and empirically from the Protestant reformation to our own time. The chapters are written by scholars from Finland, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, ...and deploy a wide range of methods, representing different academic fields.
Thermal quantum field theory Khanna, Faqir C; Khanna, Faqir C; Malbouisson, Adolfo P. C ...
2009., 2009, 2009-02-06
eBook
This monograph presents recent developments in quantum field theory at finite temperature. By using Lie groups, ideas from thermal theory are considered with concepts of symmetry, allowing for ...applications not only to quantum field theory but also to transport theory, quantum optics and statistical mechanics. This includes an analysis of geometrical and topological aspects of spatially confined systems with applications to the Casimir effect, superconductivity and phase transitions. Finally, some developments in open systems are also considered. The book provides a unified picture of the fundamental aspects in thermal quantum field theory and their applications, and is important to the field as a result, since it combines several diverse ideas that lead to a better understanding of different areas of physics.
Background: The 3500-kcal rule, though often overly simplistic, is used to linearly predict weight or adipose change in clinical or research settings. We sampled textbooks to assess how quantitative ...energy balance models (QEBM) are taught, emphasizing the 3500-kcal rule. Methods: Top 15 Amazon best-selling textbooks in nutrition, diet therapy, preventive medicine, physiology, and physical therapy were identified resulting in 53 unique recent editions. QEBM text was identified and extracted via manually reviewing weight-or energy-balance- related sections and keyword searching in hardcopy-and e-textbooks. Ten books were piloted for text extraction and double coded via a semi-structured coding template. QEBMs (e.g., 3500-kcal rule) were compared to the validated NIDDK body weight planner (BWP) and the Weight Loss Predictor Calculator by Pennington Biomedical Research Center (PBRC) for the average 30 y.o. adult American female (63.5"; 170.8 lbs) and male (69.0"; 199.8 lbs) from NCHS. Results: We developed 16 coding items, including energy amount; amount and time of weight change; positive/negative QEBM; whether predicting body weight (BW)/fat mass/adipose tissue; approximate/exact predictions; and whether the text prominently acknowledged weight change complexity. Six of 10 piloted textbooks included QEBMs, five of which proposed a 3500-kcal based equation to change BW; specifically, lowering caloric intake by 200-1000 kcal/d to lose 0.4-2 Ibs BW/wk. Four of six models presented approximate changes; three of six acknowledged physiological complexity. Compared to BWP and PBRC, the 3500-kcal rule underestimated energy deficits required to lose weight in relatively longer durations (e.g., at 500 kcal/d deficit for 180 days, 3500-kcal rule predicts 26 Ibs loss in the average male, while BWP and PBRC predict 18.2 and 14.8 Ibs, respectively). We identified at least five other textbooks mentioning the 3500-kcal rule through digital previews; extraction of texts is ongoing. Conclusions: Our pilot sample of top-selling textbooks suggests despite availability of more sophisticated-yet-accessible web-based tools to estimate weight change dynamics, the 3500-kcal rule continues to be a basis for energy balance education.
This text is aimed at students interested in using game theory as a design methodology for solving problems in engineering and computer science. The author shows that such design challenges can be ...analyzed through game theoretical perspectives that help to pinpoint each problem's essence: Who are the players? What are their goals? Will the solution to 'the game' solve the original design problem?
