В статье анализируется творческая программа Г.С. Мосина, связанная с его работой над иллюстрациями к «Малахитовой шкатулке» П.П. Бажова. Подробно рассматриваются композиционные и цветовые решения ...иллюстраций; отмечается синтез разных подходов и принципов, стремление художника переплавить противоречивые образы и композиции в единый стиль, который должен привести к появлению многогранного и метафорического образа Урала.
This paper examines how collage in music was comprehended in an academic field and area ofmusical practice by elucidating its aspects from the 1970s commentaries on G. Mahler’s quotations. Musical ...collage at present is mainly considered as one of the significant compositional techniques in contemporary music from the late twentieth century onwards. It being perceived as a subordinate concept of borrowing with a long-standing history, previous studies have intensely focused on its technical side. Although the precedent studies in relation to intertextuality or semiotics suggest meaningful methods of structural analysis, its cultural and historical contexts are evidently overlooked. Bearing the aforementioned methodological problem in mind, this paper treats secondary sources of historiography used for deep understanding of compositional technique as primary sources to present aesthetics of that time. This paper takes a method of tracing the history of the word collage, exploring the arguments on Mahler’s quotation made by two prominent musicologists, W. Dömling and T. Kneif, and their contemporary composer G. Ligeti in the 1970s. Their arguments verified multifaceted perspectives of formalism, semantics, or the function of social criticism respectively. The underlying basis of the diverse views is clarified as follows: 1）As other contemporary studies that aimed for theorization of musical collage did, those diverse perspectives were derived from the premise that musical collage is intimately bound up with collage practice in the plastic art and 2）in an academic field, internal structure or acoustic recognition was the core of their discussion, meanwhile in the field of music practice, a social and cultural situation surrounded by the composer was incorporated in musical collage. This study not only sheds new light on a further understanding of musical collage in its early reception but provides the groundwork for future studies on its cultural meaning in the 1970s.
The 1970s have long been overshadowed by the upheavals of the 1960s and the conservative ascendancy of the 1980s. This article surveys the recent surge in scholarly interest in the 1970s, a period ...now viewed as the crucible in which today's world was forged. We argue that the concept of trauma and healing in America 's collective conscience helps explain the decade's dynamics. Watergate and the Vietnam War undermined the nation's sense of purpose in the world and inspired a search for moral renewal that shaped political social and cultural discourse throughout the decade. We also explore two other broad analytical lenses prevalent in the new scholarship on the decade. The first relates to the ways that the social activism of the 1960s diffused across a range of progressive and conservative causes, coinciding with the transition to a postindustrial economy and the rise of neoliberal economic theory to policymaking orthodoxy. The second category emphasises the causes and the consequences of real and perceived American decline and the restructuring of the international system toward multipolarity and increased interdependence.
In 1967, linguist John Lotz, born in Milwaukee but raised mostly in Hungary, called attention to the lack of research on Hungarian American bilingualism at a time when monographs and PhD ...dissertations described, in great detail, the bilingualism of Norwegian, Greek, Polish, and Finnish people in the US. When I became an associate instructor of Hungarian at Indiana University, Bloomington, in 1978, I embarked on The Project on Hungarian American Bilingualism in South Bend, Indiana. As a result, eighty hours of Hungarian speech and sixty hours of English were recorded, and a book appeared in Hungarian in 1990. Not much later, in 1995, I was involved with the publication of Beyond Castle Garden: An American Hungarian Dictionary of the Calumet Region, compiled and written by Andrew Vázsonyi. The personal reflections comprising this article will deal with some important issues concerning fieldwork in South Bend and will offer a brief characterization of the differences between Hungarian American bilingualism in the 1970s and today. kontram@gmail.com
On 5 June 1975, 67% of the British electorate voted 'yes' to maintaining membership of the European Community. This historic event was the UK's first-ever national referendum, and as such important ...questions were raised about the rules governing the vote. Government policy was shaped by the need to ensure fairness and access to information, and a growing realisation that the public would vote 'yes'. This resulted in a low-key information campaign which emphasised the 'crisis' atmosphere of the 1970s and the 'declinist' narrative that had pervaded the European debate since the first application in 1961.
В статье анализируется общественная реакция на архитектурный проект «Пешеград» Л.А. Эппле на основе документов из частных архивов и публикаций в советской прессе. Яркая идея самодеятельного зодчего ...вызвала интерес у многих представителей отечественной культуры. В 1970-х годах о «Пешеграде» писали Б.С. Рябинин и Б.А. Дижур, проект поддержали художники Д.А. Шмаринов и В.Ф. Дьяченко, профессиональные архитекторы И.М. Смоляр, Г.И. Дубровин, О.Л. Вольхин. Кинорежиссер Б.Д. Галантер рассказал об идее Эппле в фильме «Там, где твой дом» (1971), а в киноповести С.А. Герасимова «Любить человека» (1972), героями которой стали архитекторы того времени, титры идут на фоне проекта города будущего. Пешеград — детище своего времени, в нем ясно отражается культура начала шестидесятых с их «оттепельной» свободой и иллюзиями. Большинство современников воспринимали идеи Эппле не столько как рациональную градостроительную концепцию, сколько как протест против серости и бюрократии, культурной ограниченности и бездуховности.
This introduction outlines the possibilities and perspectives of an intertwining between European integration history and the history of capitalism. Although debates on capitalism have been making a ...comeback since the 2008 crisis, to date the concept of capitalism remains almost completely avoided by historians of European integration. This introduction thus conceptualizes 'capitalism' as a useful analytical tool that should be used by historians of European integration and proposes three major approaches for them to do so: first, by bringing the question of social conflict, integral to the concept of capitalism, into European integration history; second, by better conceptualizing the link between European governance, Europeanization and the globalization of capitalism; and thirdly by investigating the economic, political and ideological models or doctrines that underlie European cooperation, integration, policies and institutions. Finally, the introduction addresses the question of the analytical benefits of an encounter between capitalism and European integration history, focusing on the case of the 1970s. This allows us to qualify the idea of a clear-cut rupture, and better highlight how the shift of these years resulted from a complex bargaining that took place in part at the European level.
In Oil Money, David M. Wight offers a new framework for understanding the course of Middle East–US relations during the 1970s and 1980s: the transformation of the US global empire by Middle East ...petrodollars. During these two decades, American, Arab, and Iranian elites reconstituted the primary role of the Middle East within the global system of US power from a supplier of cheap crude oil to a source of abundant petrodollars, the revenues earned from the export of oil. In the 1970s, the United States and allied monarchies, including the House of Pahlavi in Iran and the House of Saud in Saudi Arabia, utilized petrodollars to undertake myriad joint initiatives for mutual economic and geopolitical benefit. These petrodollar projects were often unprecedented in scope and included multibillion-dollar development projects, arms sales, purchases of US Treasury securities, and funds for the mujahedin in Afghanistan. Although petrodollar ties often augmented the power of the United States and its Middle East allies, Wight argues they also fostered economic disruptions and state- sponsored violence that drove many Americans, Arabs, and Iranians to resist Middle East–US interdependence, most dramatically during the Iranian Revolution of 1979. Deftly integrating diplomatic, transnational, economic, and cultural analysis, Wight utilizes extensive declassified records from the Nixon, Ford, Carter, and Reagan administrations, the IMF, the World Bank, Saddam Hussein's regime, and private collections to make plain the political economy of US power. Oil Money is an expansive yet judicious investigation of the wide-ranging and contradictory effects of petrodollars on Middle East–US relations and the geopolitics of globalization.
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