INTERPRETIVE THEORY OF TRANSLATION – ITS INFLUENCE IN THE WORLD
The history of the Interpretive Theory of Translation (ITT), which began in 1968, is closely linked to Danica Seleskovitch. Under her ...guidance, ITT developed in two directions: research and teaching. The researchers’ interest focused on the process, studied first on conference interpretation and later on translation. Their research, later validated by psycholinguistics and cognitive science, subdivided the translation process into three stages: comprehension – deverbalization – reexpression, with deverbalization representing a departure from the linguistic theories of the time. Deverbalization is, however, an essential cognitive mechanism of any intralingual communication. The doctorate in translation studies (1974) broadened and enriche research on numerous language pairs and various text genres. The pedagogy applied at the École Supérieure d’Interprètes et de Traducteurs (ESIT) based on the principles of ITT was recognized by the European Commission and used as the basis for the European Masters in Conference Interpreting. ESIT’s many foreign students and doctors spread the theory worldwide for teaching and research. ITT’s major works have been translated into several languages.
Despite his prominence in modern Chinese literature and the significant role played by translation in his literary career, Yu Dafu’s (1896-1945) activity as a translation theorist and practitioner ...remains largely unexplored. Yu translated into Chinese a number of short stories, treatises, and poems by such authors as Wilde, Twain, Sinclair, Nietzsche, and Rousseau; he also devoted several essays to the issue of translation and its practice. Through an analysis of Yu’s theoretical writings, I aim to provide a brief account of his reflections on the subjectivity of the translator, the principles of a desirable translating practice, the relation between translation and original writing, and the cultural significance of translation. By doing so, I wish to highlight the seminal role played by such a reflection in Yu’s artistic career, as well as the specificity of his contribution within the intellectual debate on translation in his time.
The understanding of group dynamics is a challenging field. It is quite often that the interaction and energy between students in the group present in negative pattern or less healthy. Lesson study ...is considered to be a suitable way to cope with that group dynamics problem. The objectives of this research are to describe the pattern of group dynamics in Theory of Translation class and outline the efforts done for the betterment of group dynamics through Lesson Study. The research was conducted in class 3A of third semester of English Language Education Study Program. The data of group dynamics were obtained from the observers’ sheets. While the data of the efforts done for the betterment of group dynamics were obtained from plan and reflection discussion notes, and a checklist of application. In analyzing the data, the first data were presented descriptively and made into inferences. The second data were grouped and described; then their effectiveness was analyzed qualitatively. Based on the result of the research, it is found that the group dynamics in Theory of Translation class from open class 1 – 4 went through a betterment. The efforts done for the betterment of group dynamics were distributing job and responsibility within group, delivering the whole instruction of group activities in the beginning and checking for students understanding, and providing worksheet for group work and learning media for each group.
The article is devoted to the issue of information type congruence in the epistolary texts translation. The aim of this research is to characterize information types contained in the text of ...epistolary genre, explain the language mechanism of maintaining the congruence of the information types proportion between the source text and the translation while preserving the dominant type. The book "Chesterfield's Letters to His Son" (1774) and its translation into Russian (1971) served as the empirical material. The analysis was conducted on the basis of contexts containing verbs of speech production. The research identifies the presence of emotional, cognitive, operative and aesthetic information, as well as the ways of their linguistic expression in the source text. Ways of conveying information types of the source text in translation are characterized. The analysis reveals that the presence of specific information types in an epistolary work, alongside the choice of linguistic means for their expression, is determined by the communicative goal of the utterance – to give the author's opinion and considerably influence the recipient's views. The analysis shows that, in correspondence with such goal, emotional information is dominant in the text of epistolary genre under study. The preservation of the original information types in translation enables a creation of a secondary text that is equivalent to the source text and has a comparable value in the target linguoculture.
The article is the first analysis of the literary activity of Konstantin Timkovsky (1814–1881), translator and propagandist of Spanish literature in Russia. Unlike his predecessors, Timkovsky had a ...good knowledge of written and partly spoken Spanish and did not use intermediary translations. Timkovsky is also distinguished by the number of works and authors translated, namely Cervantes, Calderon, Francisco de Rojas, Leandro Moratín, Agustín Moreto. Being a pioneer in the direct translation of Spanish dramaturgy, Timkovsky assumed regular but inconsistent shortenings of texts: he omitted passages that, due to internal or external censorship, might have seemed obscene or affected religion. In Calderon’s drama “Life is a Dream” all references to Russia and Russians were replaced by Bohemia and Bohemians; instead of translating puns, Timkovsky uses comments: he declares that it is impossible to transmit the wordplay into Russian and quotes the original text for comparison. The most important and still nowhere mentioned feature of all Timkovsky’s works is the choice of prose for the translation of poetic dramatic texts. The sentence in the Petrashevsky case and the exile prevented Timkovsky from carrying out a large-scale project: to compile a translated set of Spanish literature and to write its “complete history” in the form of a series of articles.
Kobus Marais identified Roman Jakobson as a key figure behind the glottocentric drift in translation studies. A re-reading of Jakobson's "On Linguistic Aspects of Translation" is useful in ...understanding this drift. But it also sheds light on Marais's own reserve about chances to counter glottocentrism. Jakobson placed interlingual translation at the centre, but he also took steps to displace it. Consequently, Jakobson's argument may be read as open, tangential, and processual, admitting paradoxes despite the prevailing exigencies of non-contradiction. A little known eighteenth-century Polish statement on language and translation may be used to argue that translation scholarship today should explore its bio-semiotic structures. The (bio)semiotic theory of translation may need to present itself as a bio-semiotic commitment to translation studies in order to counter the analytic, metaphor-averse pull of scholarship from reverting bio-semiotic thought toward glottocentrism promoted by academic publishing and disciplinary rivalries.
The author underlines the importance of linguistic competencies and of encyclopedic knowledge for the translation of Common Law sales contracts. Based on the principles of the Interpretive Theory of ...Translation and emphasizing its relevance and originality in the field of Translation Studies, the paper states that translation is a cognitive act, whose success depends on specific mechanisms implemented by the translator. Translating means interpreting the original meaning and constantly resorting to the cognitive context and baggage, as illustrated in the applicative section of the paper.
A brief account of the first Russian translation of The Cantos of Ezra Pound is presented. The problems encountered during translation are considered, and the translator’s and editorial decisions are ...discussed. An overview of the references used during the work on the translation and commentaries is presented. The central problem of translating The Cantos is identified as a lack of poetic language and techniques in Russian literature that are comparable with those of Anglo-American modernism. The methods of creating the modernist epic in Russian poetry are discussed and examples of similar attempts made by predecessors are mentioned. In particular, the translations made by N.I. Gnedich, M.L. Lozinsky, A.Ya. Sergeev, S.S. Khoruzhi and V.A. Hinkis, as well as translations of ancient Greek and Chinese literature are mentioned. Among all the various factors influencing the transition of the text from one literature to the other, authenticity, persuasiveness and laconism are stressed as the major reference points not only for translating the text, but also for commenting on the translation and writing the biographical notes. Every effort was made to ensure that the book would look and feel like an artifact of Pound’s lifetime. This is perfectly in line with the concept of Fortleben of the original text, as was suggested by Walter Benjamin. In this way, the translation is seen not only as an interpretation of the text, but as the renewal, survival and prolongation of the text’s life.
This article is an attempt to use psychoanalytical language for describ- ing the experience of translation and the discourse on translation. While considering the recognitions and method proposed by ...Tadeusz Sławek in an article titled, „Kalibanizm. Filozoficzne dylematy tłumaczenia“ Kalibanism. The philosophic dilemma of translation, I try to describe them and develop, to say a few words about the translation and linguistic norm in the context of feeling of lack widely spread in the discourse on translation. Thinking about translation process as one affected by the melancholy I try to point out the indelible contradiction between the existence of translation norm and the imaginative concept of semantic plenitude of the original text. Repeating after Sławek I make an attempt to indicate a “crypt” that is being build by the target language around the original work, a crpyt existence of which was omitted with silence, although it have had a grate influence on the way that translation funcion in our culture.
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