Learning Toponyms at School Egorova, Anna Semenovna
Razvitie obrazovaniâ (Online),
12/2021, Letnik:
4, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The article is devoted to the issues of learning toponyms at school. The relevance of the topic is determined by the effectiveness of using toponyms to form students' cultural competencies, to ...achieve their personal, meta-subject and subject results. Practice shows that the names of geographical objects always arouse great interest among students.
Methods used in the study: analysis of scientific and methodological literature on this topic; study and generalization of the experience of teachers working on this topic; observation of the educational process.
The results of the work are identification of the most effective methods of using toponyms in the lessons of the Chuvash language and literature for the implementation of educational and educational tasks, compilation of a questionnaire for collecting toponyms, development of methodological recommendations for the organization of research activities of students on this topic. The practical value of this work is determined by the possibility of applying its results by teachers in the classroom and outside of school hours.
The author comes to the conclusion that studying the names of geographical objects helps to achieve the planned results, develop cultural competence, learn the history and culture of the native land, realize that language is not only a means of cognition and communication, but also a form of expression of national culture.
Naming is searching for language symbols to describe objects, concepts, and processes by utilizing vocabulary through changes in meaning or the creation of words. Toponyms are used as the identity of ...a place because they come from the results of the culture of the people in the area, which originate from the reciprocal relationship with the environment, in this case, namely language. The name of the place cannot be separated from the characteristics or things related to the place, such as the name of the sub-district in Banyumas Regency. This research is descriptive qualitative. The object of study of toponyms in this research is the naming of sub-districts in Banyumas Regency, which have physical and cultural characteristics that can be traced from an event or event in the past. The toponymy of sub-districts in Banyumas Regency can be a source of local history for the Banyumas people. Myths are passed down from generation to generation as part of the local history of place names. The history of naming is an oral tradition passed down from generation to generation, so naming places has cultural value. There are also local wisdom values in the sub-district toponymy in Banyumas Regency. The research results show that the sub-district toponyms in Banyumas Regency can trace the values behind the naming stories, namely the social and cultural values of the stories or myths of the Banyumas people. This local topography value in Banyumas Regency can be used as a source of learning for the younger generation.
The article proposes the following hypothesis: the examined Kefalenian toponyms are a product of the language of an old local dialect, grammatically related to the "Thraco-Pelasgian" dialects, which ...had a strong influence (including grammatically) on today's Bulgarian language.
Every translator is often confronted with the problem of translatability of proper names, which include geographical names called toponyms (i.e. choronyms, proper toponyms, urbanonyms, hydronyms and ...oronyms). German and Polish toponyms differ from each other in gender and number as well as in spelling and the order of components. Many differences in the creation of toponyms result from the different ways of thinking in the two nations. Before translating these lexical units, we should first consider whether they can be translated at all, and if so, how to do it, and what criteria should be applied. The (un)translatability of toponyms is strongly conditioned by culture, history, politics, and of course topography itself, which is shown in this article by means of an example of selected groups of Polish and German geographic names. In official documents, where the criterion of comprehensibility is decisive, foreign language equivalents of toponyms are generally used, provided such equivalents exist. Some toponyms have to be modified in translation to make them more precise or to clarify their meaning. Toponyms that are typical of a country or culture and have no foreign language equivalents are usually not translated, but preserve their original form in the translated texts. In order to convey their meaning, foreign language generic names are usually added before them.
El viñedo está muy presente en España y tiene gran capacidad para generar toponimia. Con objeto de saber si la frecuencia de la toponimia de viñedo es similar entre territorios y si se encuentra ...asociada al cultivo, en este trabajo se analiza su distribución. Para ello, en primer lugar, se han identificado los topónimos de viñedo presentes en el Nomenclátor Geográfico Básico de España. Posteriormente, se ha efectuado una prueba de bondad de ajuste entre la distribución de topónimos observada y la que derivaría de su reparto proporcional atendiendo a la superficie total de cada región y su superficie de viñedo. Finalmente, se ha efectuado una prueba de independencia entre la distribución de la toponimia y la del cultivo. Bondad de ajuste e independencia se han contrastado mediante la Chi-cuadrado. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que la toponimia de viñedo no está homogéneamente repartida entre regiones y que, a nivel nacional, se observa asociación entre toponimia y cultivo. Sin embargo, esto no ocurre en todos los ámbitos: existen zonas en las que tal asociación es irreconocible por la presencia de áreas de cultivo sin toponimia y una abundante frecuencia de topónimos fosilizados señalando antiguos paisajes de viñedo.
The paper deals with the use of adjective numerals in Russian toponymy retrieved from the State Catalogue of Geographical Names, normative legal acts, reference books of administrative-territorial ...divisions and topographic maps. The object of the study is toponyms with ordinal numerals that perform the function of numbering differentiation. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of standardization of toponyms with numerals. Numerous examples of variation in the spelling of toponyms with ordinal numerals have been found. Ordinal numbers in toponyms can be expressed in Arabic numerals, Roman numerals, verbal way, alphanumeric way. The following models of writing toponyms with ordinal numbers are identified: Kamenka II, Kamenka-2, Vtoraya Kamenka, Kamenka Vtoraya, Kamenka-Vtoraya, 2-ya Kamenka, Kamenka 2-ya. The article presents the results of a linguo-statistical study that showed the usage frequency for the models of writing numerals in toponyms both on a national scale and for each region separately. The State Catalogue of Geographical Names showcases that the most frequent models of writing toponyms with numerals are Kamenka 2-ya and Vtoraya Kamenka. Other models are much less common. The author substantiates the use of a particular model for writing numerals based on their representation in texts of various types, the guides for writing geographical names on maps, current spelling rules, and linguistic features of proper names. Despite the recent trend for standardization, the study results show the lack of common approaches to writing toponyms with numerals in different territorial bodies. The revealed discrepancies in the use of Roman and Arabic numerals in toponyms, the neglect for the recommended norms of writing toponyms with numerals require improving the spelling rules of writing geographical names.
This study examines the classification and function of toponyms to reveal the local knowledge of Sundanese people in the western Bandung-North area. This research uses anthropological linguistic ...theory. The data of this research are lexicon in toponyms based on local knowledge in the western Bandung-North area. The data is sourced from several community components consisting of village elders and ordinary people. The study incorporates four methods for data collection, which are participant observation, participatory conversation observation, interviews, and documentation. These techniques are chosen based on their ability to gather comprehensive, accurate, and reliable data. The results show that there are five classifications of toponyms, namely (1) hydrological-biological characteristics, (2) hydrological-state characteristics, (3) geomorphological-biological characteristics, (4) geomorphological-state characteristics, and (5) state characteristics. This research also shows that the lexicon in toponyms in the western Bandung-North area portrays the closeness of humans to nature, humans to humans, and humans to their God. In addition, Sundanese people in the western Bandung-North area also have local knowledge about ethnoecology, which is recorded in the toponyms in the area. This local knowledge of ethnoecology has benefits as an effort to maintain the terrestrial ecosystem, which is one of the pillars of environmental development in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
The article studies oikonyms of Bosnia and Herzegovina, formed from zoomorphic motifs. The relationship between the oikonym and the zoonym is discussed. How animal terms perform the function of place ...names has been demonstrated with examples. In the main part of the paper, the author presented the semantic types of zooikonyms. The approach includes the formation and etymology information. Accordingly, the largest number of zooikonyms are of Slavic origin while only one is Greek, which only underlines the theses of the Slavic naming continuum in terms of place naming. It is concluded that the study of zooikonyms is important for determining the region's fauna and the relationship between man and nature.
Toponyms of the Sultanate of Oman so far have not been studied in Russian linguistics in general, and in Russian Arabic studies, in particular. Due to the fact that in Oman there is a specific ...landscape and peculiar material culture, and the local variation of the Arabic language is characterized by multi-level dialectal peculiarities, the authors assumed that the toponyms of this country should demonstrate certain trends in the place names formation against the backdrop of the common Arabic toponymy. The object of the research is a wide range of toponyms of the Sultanate of Oman - from the names of the largest locations to the ones which are less significant in historical and economic terms, but are of interest from the viewpoint of the linguistic material analysis. The authors examined a large sample of toponyms of various categories, above all, oeconyms and hydronyms; due to the local natural conditions, their share in the country’s toponymy is very significant. The article is aimed at highlighting both the universal, pan-Arabic features and solely the Omani ones in the semantics and algorithms of toponymic word-building of the country. The main local toponyms were considered in terms of their origin, etymology, frequency of formants, morphological composition, as well as in relation to certain semantic fields. This made it possible to systematize the toponyms of Oman and draw a number of conclusions regarding the historically conditioned absence of loan words among Omani toponyms, their complexity with the predominance of specific lexemes characterizing the local landscape, the inclusion of Omani toponyms in lexical groups related to water, as well as the nationally-oriented world picture reflected in characteristics-indices of similar objects of Omani geography. To this end, the researchers used data from subsidiary and related humanitarian areas - geography, history, sociology, ethnopsychology. The work contributes to the study of the semantics of toponyms, comparative toponymy, Arabic lexicology, Russian Arabic studies as well as regional studies.
The Argentine Islands – Kyiv Peninsula region is one of the birthplaces of Antarctic research. It lacks any aboriginal people, and so much of the toponymy was contributed by the first expeditions. As ...the official Ukrainian toponymy of Antarctica is still being worked out, it is important to foster further development of this branch of geography. Outside of this region, there are only a few geographical features given internationally recognized placenames honouring Ukraine and Ukrainians. Thus, the paper aims to prepare the official Ukrainian spelling for the already established toponyms and to propose new ones, including microtoponyms, for the yet-nameless objects of the Argentine Islands area (West Antarctica), considering the already amassed experience of other countries and the current requirements for writing the geographical names. To achieve this, there were used such methods, singly or in combination: transliteration, transcription, adaptive transcoding, and translation. The underlying research presented the history of the local placenames, whereupon they were collected and their standardized Ukrainian written representations spelled out. Based on the history of the Ukrainian contribution to the Antarctic studies, the region's toponymic traditions, and characteristic features of topography, flora and fauna of the Argentine Islands, it was proposed a list of names for the nameless geographical features and microtoponyms in the central Argentine Islands region. The list is far from exhaustive, but rather the first attempt to develop Ukrainian Antarctic toponymy. The results will allow unifying placenames use, help to present the expeditions' findings, and make information searches for the geographical features easier.
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