It is well known that phytotherapy has grown in popularity in recent years. Because a drug cannot be administered without ensuring its effectiveness and safety, the standardization and regulation of ...phytotherapeutic drugs are required by the global market and governmental authorities. This article describes a simple and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection analysis method for the simultaneous detection of myricetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside, myricetin-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside, and myricetin-3-O-α-L-rhaminopyranoside present in the hydroethanolic extract (ethanol/H₂O, 7:3, v/v) of Pouteria torta. The mutagenic activity of the extract was evaluated on Salmonella typhimurium and by an in vivo micronucleus test on the peripheral blood cells of Swiss mice. The linearity, sensitivity, selectivity, repeatability, accuracy, and precision of the assay were evaluated. The analytical curves were linear and exhibited good repeatability (with a deviation of less than 5%) and demonstrated good recovery (within the 83–107% range). The results demonstrate that the hydroethanolic extract exhibited a mutagenic activity in both assays, suggesting caution in the use of this plant in folk medicine.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar biológica e economicamente a utilização de três fontes proteicas (farelo de soja (FS), caroço de algodão (CA) ou torta de nabo forrageiro (TN)), na formulação de ...suplementos (1,0% do peso corporal (PC)) na terminação de novilhas de corte em pastos de capim Marandu na estação seca. Este experimento foi realizado no município de Potirendaba, SP, e análises químicas na Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PR. A área experimental foi de seis hectares, dividida em três piquetes, cada um com seis novilhas de corte ½ sangue Simental, ½ Nelore, PC inicial de 210 ± 8,34 kg, idade de 15 ± 3 meses. Foi realizada análise econômica utilizando-se método de orçamentos parciais. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com seis repetições por tratamento (n=18). Foi realizada análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste Tukey (P<0,05). Animais suplementados com TN apresentaram menor ganho de peso (FS=0,81, CA=0,76 e TN=0,40 kg/animal/dia; P<0,05). Foi observada alteração negativa no rendimento líquido para os suplementos CA (US$-22,15/animal) e TN (US$-1,96/animal) em relação ao suplemento FS que, embora apresente maior valor de aquisição, mostrou-se favorável biológica e economicamente. Palavras-chave: gado de corte; orçamentos parciais; suplementação
The purpose of this study was to evaluate biological and economically the use of three protein sources (soybean meal (SM), cottonseed (CS) or turnip cake (TC)), in the supplement formulation (1.0 % ...of body weight (BW)) in the finishing stage of heifers grazing Marandu grass pastures during the dry season. This experiment was conducted in the city of Potirendaba, São Paulo State, and the chemical analyses were performed at the Londrina State University, Paraná State. The experimental area had six hectares, divided into three paddocks, each one with six crossbred heifers (Simmental × Nellore), initial BW of 210 ± 8.34 kg, and age of 15 ± 3 months. Economic analysis was performed using the method of partial budgeting. The experimental design was completely randomized, with six replicates per treatment (n = 18). Analysis of variance was conducted, and means were compared by Tukey test (P <0.05). Animals supplemented with TC exhibited lower weight gain (SM = 0.81, CS = 0.76 and TC = 0.40 kg / animal / day; P <0.05). Negative changes were observed in net income for the CS supplements (US $ -22.15 / animal) and TC (US $ -1.96 / animal) relative to the SM supplement, which showed better biologic and economic results. Keywords: beef cattle; partial budgets; supplementation.
The response of sugarcane to application of micronutrients is still not very well known. In view of the need for this information, the aim of this study was to evaluate the application of the ...micronutrients Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, B, and Mo to plant cane in three soils, with and without application of filter cake. This study consisted of three experiments performed in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, (in Igaraçu do Tiete, on an Oxisol; in Santa Maria da Serra, on an Entisol, both in the 2008/2009 growing season; and in Mirassol, on an Ultisol, in the 2009/2010 growing season) in a randomized block design with four replications with a 8 x 2 factorial combination of micronutrients (1 - no application/control, 2 - addition of Zn, 3 - addition of Cu, 4 - addition of Mn 5 - addition of Fe, 6 - addition of B, 7 - addition of Mo, 8 - Addition of Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, B, and Mo) and filter cake (0 and 30 t ha-1 of filter cake) in the furrow at planting. The application of filter cake was more efficient than of Borax in raising leaf B concentration to sufficiency levels for sugarcane in the Entisol, and it increased mean stalk yield in the Oxisol. In areas without filter cake application, leaf concentrations were not affected by the application of Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, B, and Mo in the furrow at planting; however, Zn and B induced an increase in stalk and sugar yield in micronutrient-poor sandy soil.
A resposta da cultura da cana-de-açúcar à aplicação de micronutrientes ainda é pouco conhecida. Diante da necessidade dessas informações, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aplicação de micronutrientes, Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, B e Mo, em três solos com e sem aplicação de torta de filtro, na cultura da cana-de-açúcar. Este trabalho foi constituído de três experimentos conduzidos em condições de cana planta. Os experimentos foram instalados em Igaraçu do Tietê, SP, em Latossolo Vermelho; em Santa Maria da Serra, SP, em Neossolo Quartzarênico, ambos na safra 2008/2009; e em Mirassol, SP, em Argissolo Vermelho, conduzido na safra 2009/2010. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, no esquema fatorial 8 x 2, sendo a combinação de micronutrientes (testemunha, Zn, Cu,Mn, Fe, B, Mo e todos os micros) com torta de filtro (0 e 30 t ha-1 de torta de filtro) no sulco de plantio. A aplicação de torta de filtro foi mais eficiente que o Bórax em elevar os teores foliares de B em níveis de suficiência para cana-de-açúcar no Neossolo Quartzarênico e em aumentar a produtividade média de colmos no Latossolo Vermelho. Em áreas que não receberam aplicação de torta de filtro, os teores foliares não foram afetados pela aplicação de Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, B e Mo no sulco de plantio; porém, a aplicação de Zn e B propiciou aumento na produtividade de colmos e açúcar em solo arenoso e com baixos teores no solo.
Background: The cost of feed in fish farming can exceed 70% of the total costs. Thus, the feed industry have sought to formulate balanced diets including low-cost by-products. Objective: To evaluate ...sunflower meal as a partial substitute (0, 10, and 20%) for soybean meal, with or without phytase supplementation (1,500 FTU/kg) in isoproteic (27% crude protein (CP)) and isoenergetic diets (3,400 kcal/ED/kg of feed) for silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) juveniles. Methods: A total of 360 fish (weight: 15.77 ± 0.56 g) were randomly distributed in 24 tanks in a completely randomized design following a factorial scheme (3x2) with 4 replicates. The fish were evaluated on the following variables after 90 days: productive performance, hematological variables, histology of intestinal tissue, bromatological composition of carcass, and composition of bone mineral matter. Results: 20% dietary inclusion of sunflower meal improved weight gain and protein efficiency. No difference was observed in the other treatments and no interactions were observed between the other factors. Conclusion: 20% sunflower meal can be included in the feed of silver catfish as a substitute for soybean meal. Phytase inclusion (1,500 FTU/kg) did not improve the nutritional value of the treatments.
El presente artículo es parte de una tesis doctoral que discute la relación entre género y discapacidad, enfatizando en la pregunta por la experiencia transchueca de Rose Ammarantha Wass Suárez de la ...Universidad Pedagógica Nacional (UPN). Establece un diálogo entre su autobiografía, los estudios críticos en discapacidad, los feminismos y las pedagogías feministas con perspectiva anticapacitista. Señala que Wass como maestra en formación transgrede la escena universitaria y sus políticas de inclusión desde una performatividad corporizada y afectada por prácticas de violencia de género y capacitistas.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro and in situ dry matter degradation by including cacay cake (Caryodendron orinocense) on a diet based on Brachiaria dictyoneura. The ...experiment was developed in an animal nutrition laboratory on the Animal Sciences Faculty at the Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Bogotá, Colombia, in July 2015. Four treatments were evaluated: B. dictyoneura, cacay cake and two mixtures of B. dictyoneura: cacay cake (80:20 and 60:40). The chemical composition and the in vitro and in situ degradability of the dry matter and the crude protein, at 48 hours were determined. The variables were analyzed through a complete randomized design with four treatments. The inclusion of cacay cake decreased the cell wall-associated with carbohydrate concentration and increased the higher digestibility nutrients; the crude protein and dry matter, in situ and in vitro degradability increased 22, 6 and 38%, respectively. In conclusion, the inclusion of cacay cake on a diet of B. dictyoneura improves dry matter degradation in vitro and in situ conditions.
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la degradación in vitro e in situ de la materia seca al incluir torta de cacay (Caryodendron orinocense) en una dieta a base de Brachiaria dictyoneura. El experimento se desarrolló en el laboratorio de nutrición animal adscrito a la Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias de la Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Colombia, en julio de 2015. Se evaluaron cuatro tratamientos: B. dictyoneura, torta de cacay y dos mezclas de B. dictyoneura: torta de cacay (80:20 y 60:40). En los tratamientos se determinó la concentración química y la degradabilidad de la materia seca y de la proteína cruda en condiciones in vitro e in situ a las 48 horas. Las variables evaluadas fueron analizadas a través de un diseño completo al azar con cuatro tratamientos. La inclusión de torta de cacay en la mezcla disminuyó la concentración de carbohidratos asociados a la pared celular e incrementó los nutrientes de mayor digestibilidad; aumentó la degradabilidad de la proteína cruda y de la materia seca in situ e in vitro en 22, 6 y 38%, respectivamente. En conclusión, la inclusión de torta de cacay en la dieta de B. dictyoneura mejoró la degradación de la materia seca en condiciones in vitro e in situ.
Biodiesel industry by-products appear to be an excellent alternative source for ruminant feed and may contribute to increased agricultural activity in terms of productivity and profitability. Among ...the various by-products, oilseed cakes have great potential for use due to their high protein and lipid contents, which make them an energetic feed source that would fulfill the nutritional requirements of animals. Thus, studies that aim to determine the optimum levels of oilseed cake in ruminant feed are important for maximizing the potential use of these by-products.El uso de los subproductos de la industria de biodiesel para alimentar a los rumiantes parece ser una excelente alternativa, que puede contribuir al aumento de las actividades agrícolas en términos de productividad y rentabilidad. Entre los sub-productos, las tortas de semillas oleaginosas tienen un gran potencial debido a los importantes niveles de proteínas y lípidos que las caracterizan como alimentos proteicos o energéticos capaces de satisfacer las necesidades nutricionales de los animales. Así, los estudios que tienen como objetivo determinar los niveles óptimos de tortas de semillas oleaginosas en los piensos para rumiantes son importantes para maximizar el uso potencial de estos subproductos.A utilização de coprodutos oriundos da produção do biodiesel na alimentação de ruminantes surge como alternativa, que pode contribuir para o crescimento das atividades agropecuárias, em termos de produtividade e rentabilidade. Dentre os coprodutos, as tortas apresentam grande potencial, haja vista as consideráveis concentrações de proteína e extrato etéreo, que as caracterizam como alimentos protéicos e/ou energéticos, capazes de permitir o atendimento das exigências nutricionais destas frações pelos animais. Desta forma, é importante a realização de estudos que determinem os níveis ótimos de aplicação das diversas tortas oleaginosas, visando à busca de melhores resultados.
Physical and chemical activation methods were used to prepare two different activated carbons (ACs) from castor de-oiled cake. H2O/CO2 mixture was used as the physical activating agent, and for ...chemical activation potassium carbonate (K2CO3) was used. For both materials, textural and chemical properties were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The ACs were used as supports for NiMo sulfide catalysts, which were prepared by wetness impregnation and in-situ sulfided for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of guaiacol (GUA) as a model compound of bio-oil. The HDO reaction was carried out in a typical batch reactor at 5 MPa of H2 and 350 °C. Under the same test conditions, commercial catalysts were also tested in the reaction. Although the commercial catalysts displayed higher GUA conversion, the prepared catalysts showed higher activity and non-oxygenated and saturated products yield.
: Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito de fertilizantes orgânicos no solo com o plantio de mamona. O experimento iniciou-se em 03 de outubro de 2005 com término em 20 de março de 2006, em ...casa-de-vegetação, com controle de ambiente, do Centro Nacional de Pesquisa do Algodão (CNPA/Embrapa), no município de Campina Grande, Estado da Paraíba. O material de solo usado para a condução do experimento foi classificado como (NEOSSOLO QUARTÍZENICO de textura areia franca) do município de Lagoa Seca, Estado da Paraíba. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, totalizando 11 tratamentos, sendo eles, derivados de doses de torta de mamona e de composto de lixo orgânico (quatro doses de cada um deles) e três testemunhas, com posterior estudo de contrastes ortogonais. As variáveis analisadas foram relacionadas a parte de fertilidade e física do solo, tais como: cálcio (Ca), magnésio (Mg), sódio (Na), e potássio (K), carbono (C), matéria orgânica (M.O), nitrogênio (N), fósforo (P), pH, e condutividade elétrica (C.E). Na análise dos elementos minerais e da matéria orgânica do solo em função das diferentes doses dos fertilizantes orgânicos utilizados constatou-se que o composto de lixo orgânico apenas aumentou o teor de magnésio (Mg), enquanto a torta de mamona proporcionou maiores teores de carbono, matéria orgânica e nitrogênio (N)).
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