Background: Resurveying historical vegetation plots has become more and more popular in recent years as it provides a unique opportunity to estimate vegetation and environmental changes over the past ...decades. Most historical plots, however, are not permanently marked and uncertainty in plot location, in addition to observer bias and seasonal bias, may add significant errors to temporal change. These errors may have major implications for the reliability of studies on long-term environmental change and deserve closer attention of vegetation ecologists. Methods: Vegetation data obtained from the resurveying of non-permanently marked plots are assessed for their potential to study environmental change effects on plant communities and the challenges the use of such data have to meet. We describe the properties of vegetation resurveys, distinguishing basic types of plots according to relocation error, and we highlight the potential of such data types for studying vegetation dynamics and their drivers. Finally, we summarize the challenges and limitations of resurveying non-permanently marked vegetation plots for different purposes in environmental change research. Results and conclusions: Re-sampling error is caused by three main independent sources of error: error caused by plot relocation, observer bias and seasonality bias. For relocation error, vegetation plots can be divided into permanent and non-permanent plots, while the latter are further divided into quasi-permanent (with approximate relocation) and non-traceable (with random relocation within a sampled area) plots. To reduce the inherent sources of error in resurvey data, the following precautions should be followed: (i) resurvey historical vegetation plots whose approximate plot location within a study area is known; (ii) consider all information available from historical studies in order to keep plot relocation errors low; (iii) resurvey at times of the year when vegetation development is comparable to the historical survey to control for seasonal variability in vegetation; (iv) retain a high level of experience of the observers to keep observer bias low; and (v) edit and standardize data sets before analyses.
With the prevalence of traceability technology in the turbulent Internet age, traceable food has become an important tool in addressing food safety issues. Under the combined effect of frequent food ...safety problems and sustainable development of traceability industry, the research on traceable food consumer behavior has become more extensive. However, it is still not fully understood how the multiple information brought by traceability affects consumers' purchase decision. This study proposes the effects of traceability knowledge, traceable information quality and traceable certification credibility on traceable food purchase intention
the mediation of perceived risk and perceived value, and integrates the moderating effect of peer influence in the context of Internet age into a research framework. The analytical results indicate that traceability knowledge, traceable information quality, and traceability certification credibility indirectly affect consumers' traceable food purchase intention through perceived risk and perceived value, while traceability knowledge, perceived risk, and perceived value directly affect "traceable food purchase intention." Furthermore, peer influence was found to be a significant moderator in the relationship between perceived risk (perceived value) and "traceable food purchase intention." Finally, based on the research results, traceability companies are suggested to focus on cultivating the traceable consumption habits. Meanwhile, although traceable food quality is the top priority, companies should also attach importance to the communication and interaction with consumer.
Abnormal protein aggregations are essential pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases. Eliminating while inhibiting the regeneration of these protein aggregates is considered an effective ...treatment strategy. Herein, the CRISPR/Cas9 gene‐editing tool is employed to inhibit the regeneration of disease‐related proteins, while chemical drugs are applied to eliminate the proteins that are produced. To efficiently deliver CRISPR‐chem drugs into brain lesions, traceable nano‐biohybrid complexes (F‐TBIO) are constructed by one‐step synthesis and CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids (CF‐TBIO) are loaded in a controllable manner. CF‐TBIO can knock out the BACE1 gene and reduce the burden of amyloid‐β, and thereby significantly improve the cognitive abilities of 2xTg‐AD mice. In particular, by prolonging the dosing interval, the pathological damage and behavioral abilities of 2xTg‐AD mice are still significantly improved. During the therapeutic process, CF‐TBIO with a high relaxation rate provides accurate imaging signals in the complex brain physiological environment. The finding shows that CF‐TBIO has great potential to serve as a CRISPR‐chem drug‐delivery platform for neurodegenerative diseases therapy.
Traceable nano‐biohybrid complexes are established by one‐step synthesis to serve as CRISPR‐chem drug vectors (CF‐TBIO). The CRISPR/Cas9 tool and the chemical drug are employed to inhibit and eliminate abnormal protein aggregations related to neurodegenerative diseases. CF‐TBIO facilitates accumulation of gene‐chem drugs in brain lesions, reduces the burden of protein aggregations, and provides accurate imaging signals, having great potential for synergistic treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
The industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) supports recent developments in data management and information services, as well as services for smart factories. Nowadays, many mature IIoT cloud platforms ...are available to serve smart factories. However, due to the semicredibility nature of the IIoT cloud platforms, how to achieve secure storage, access control, information update and deletion for smart factory data, as well as the tracking and revocation of malicious users has become an urgent problem. To solve these problems, in this article, a blockchain-enhanced security access control scheme that supports traceability and revocability has been proposed in IIoT for smart factories. The blockchain first performs unified identity authentication, and stores all public keys, user attribute sets, and revocation list. The system administrator then generates system parameters and issues private keys to users. The domain administrator is responsible for formulating domain security and privacy-protection policies, and performing encryption operations. If the attributes meet the access policies and the user's ID is not in the revocation list, they can obtain the intermediate decryption parameters from the edge/cloud servers. Malicious users can be tracked and revoked during all stages if needed, which ensures the system security under the Decisional Bilinear Diffie-Hellman (DBDH) assumption and can resist multiple attacks. The evaluation has shown that the size of the public/private keys is smaller compared to other schemes, and the overhead time is less for public key generation, data encryption, and data decryption stages.
In this paper, we give sufficient conditions on the spectral radius for a bipartite graph being Hamiltonian and traceable, which expand the results of Lu, Liu and Tian (2012) 10. Furthermore, we also ...provide tight sufficient conditions on the signless Laplacian spectral radius for a graph to be Hamiltonian and traceable, which improve the results of Yu and Fan (2012) 11.
A graph G=(V,E) is arbitrarily partitionable if for any sequence (n1,…,nk) that satisfies n1+…+nk=|G| it is possible to divide V into disjoint subsets V=V1∪…∪Vk such that |Vi|=ni,i=1,…,k and the ...subgraphs induced by all Vi are connected. In this paper we inspect an on-line version of this concept and show that for graphs of order n, 8≤n≤14, and size greater than (n−32)+6 these two concepts are equivalent. Although our result concerns only finitely many graphs, together with a recent theorem of Kalinowski 5 it implies that arbitrarily partitionable graphs of any order n and size greater than (n−32)+6 are also on-line arbitrarily partitionable. For the proof of our main result, we show some lemmas providing sufficient conditions for a graph to be traceable or Hamiltonian-connected, and they are of interest on their own.
The Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity (CLARREO) Pathfinder (CPF) mission will take Système Internationale (SI)-traceable spectral reflectance measurements of Earth at an unprecedented ...accuracy of 0.3% (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{k} </tex-math></inline-formula> = 1). CPF will also take measurements to support intercalibration of other satellite-based sensors. To achieve the desired intercalibration methodology uncertainty of 0.3% (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">k </tex-math></inline-formula> = 1), the CPF intercalibration measurements need to closely match those from target sensors in time, space, angles, and wavelength. This article introduces an innovative angular correction method to significantly reduce errors due to angular mismatches between CPF and target sensor measurements. The method leverages the spectral correlations among the reflected solar (RS) radiances from the same surface target at two adjacent angles. Our studies have shown that the spectral radiance or reflectance difference measured at angles slightly deviating from the CPF observation angles can be accurately predicted based on the hyperspectral CPF measurements. The method will serve as part of the operational algorithms to support the core mission goal of conducting intercalibration analysis with measurements from the shortwave channel of the Clouds and the Earth's Radiance Energy System (CERES) and the reflective solar bands of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS); however, it can also be extended for other reference-target intercalibration applications.
•Local and integral regularities of the AFM scanned area was discovered with the two-dimensional self-traceable grating.•We propose to use the two-dimensional self-traceable grating to accurately ...find the best scanning parameters for different scanning areas of different instruments.•We accurately calibrated the non-orthogonal error of the commercial AFM with the two-dimensional self-traceable grating, the non-orthogonal error of other instruments can also be calculated precisely using this method.
The calibration of the non-orthogonal error in nanoscale measurements is of paramount importance for analytical measuring instruments. Particularly, the calibration of non-orthogonal errors in atomic force microscopy (AFM) is essential for the traceable measurements of novel materials and two-dimensional (2D) crystals. The 2D self-traceable grating with a theoretical non-orthogonal angle of less than 0.0027° and an expanded uncertainty of 0.003° (k = 2) are measured by the Metrological Large Range Scanning Probe Microscope (Met. LR-SPM). In this study, we characterized the local and overall non-orthogonal error in AFM scans and proposed a protocol to tune the optimal scanning parameters of AFM minimizing the non-orthogonal error. We presented the method for accurately calibrating a commercial AFM system for non-orthogonal by establishing a detailed uncertainty budget and errors analysis. Our results verified the important advantages of the 2D self-traceable grating in calibrating precision instruments.
We propose autonomous software (namely, LegalAsst ) as a step toward an AI-empowered but human-centered machine focused on enhancing court productivity and legal assistance. LegalAsst aims to provide ...explainable, traceable, and controllable legal assistance and references for lawyers, judges, government officials, and the general public. To achieve this goal, it collates, processes, distills, and visualizes the whole judgment procedure. It streamlines and semi-automates the judgment procedure through case analysis, legislation analysis, and judicial decision-making. Specifically, to make laws and cases easier to navigate and understand, we incorporate structured representations to perform them. Then based on structured representations, we take a step further by introducing a decision-tree-based judgment, making the entire judging process visible and tractable. Our system not only tracks the procedural aspects of judgments but also incorporates modification capabilities, enabling the consideration of the most up-to-date legislation and societal factors to generate more adaptable judgment outcomes.1
•Interpretable and Interactive Visualization.•Modular and Scalable System's Design.•Traceable and Quantifiable Legislation Analysis.•Human-Centered Judicial Decision.
PDF
