While Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a viable method for training new medical residents, it has not yet reached all areas of training. One area lacking such development is surgical residency ...programs where there are large learning curves associated with skill development. In order to address this gap, a Dynamic Haptic Robotic Trainer (DHRT) was developed to help train surgical residents in the placement of ultrasound guided Internal Jugular Central Venous Catheters and to incorporate personalized learning. In order to accomplish this, a 2-part study was conducted to: (1) systematically analyze the feedback given to 18 third year medical students by trained professionals to identify the items necessary for a personalized learning system and (2) develop and experimentally test the usability of the personalized learning interface within the DHRT system. The results can be used to inform the design of VR and personalized learning systems within the medical community.
Secondary schools that offer school-sponsored athletic events should follow best-practice guidelines to provide policies that promote student health and safety.
To assess emergency preparedness from ...the perspective of athletic administrators (AAs) in Iowa secondary schools.
Cross-sectional study.
Online survey.
Ninety-eight AAs from Iowa completed the survey (age = 45.33 ± 10.22 years, years as an AA = 9.37 ± 8.14, years in current role = 7.72 ± 7.09).
The 6-section survey contained with questions about access to athletic trainers (ATs), emergency action plans (EAPs), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), automated external defibrillators (AEDs), concussions, heat illness, and other general policies. Descriptive statistics (percentages and frequencies) were reported. Relative risk was calculated to compare schools with and those without access to ATs (P < .05).
Most respondents (76.5%, n = 75/98) reported their school had access to a licensed AT. The majority had a written EAP (83.3%, n = 70/84), but fewer than half (39.2%, n = 31/79) reviewed it annually and fewer than 10% (n = 6/85) reported practicing it each year. All respondents (100%, N = 78/78) stated they had an AED on campus. All respondents (N = 77/77) indicated that they were familiar with the Iowa High School Athletic Association's (IHSAA's) concussion policy and had a concussion guideline in place. Many respondents (95.9%, n = 71/74) described being familiar with the IHSAA's heat illness policy, but more than half (62.1%, n = 41/66) noted they did not have a heat illness policy in place at their school.
Most respondents indicated their school had access to ATs, followed the state-mandated concussion guidelines, and had an AED. Although participants reported having written EAPs in place, levels of annual EAP review and practice were low. These results suggest that schools would benefit from educational opportunities to improve safety policies.
Introduction.
At present in Russian society the problems of professional higher education in the field of physical culture and sports, changes of goals and content of training of trainers in ...connection with new social tasks are actively discussed: Promotion of a healthy lifestyle of the Russian population, formation of new life values, strategies and attitudes in society, building a course to extend the active life of Russian citizens and improve the health of the younger generation of Russians, development of health of saving technologies for the population, etc. The article justifies the need to develop a new approach to education of students of faculties of physical culture and sports, discusses the need to change educational content and methods of education of future teachers-trainers, formation of pedagogical conditions for professional and personal self-determination and self-development of students.
Materials and methods.
The article is an analytical review, where an attempt was made to systematize scientific psycho-pedagogical knowledge on the problem of training of the trainer in the system of higher vocational education. The main method of studying the problem of professional training of the teacher - trainer is the method of theoretical analysis of scientific pedagogical and psychological works in the works of domestic authors. It is noted that professional training of the teacher - trainer should be based on certain principles which are justified and disclosed in this article.
Results.
The content of professional activity of the teacher-trainer is considered and described, professional competences which he should possess as a professional are defined; Content, methods and means of training teachers in physical culture and sports. The results of the survey of students of the Faculty of Physical Culture and Sports of the Nizhny Novgorod State University named after N.I. Lobachevsky concerning their training and obtaining professional knowledge and skills in the psycho-pedagogical field are presented. The necessity to develop a new approach to education of students of faculties of physical culture and sports, the necessity to change educational content and methods of education of future teachers-trainers, formation of pedagogical conditions for professional and personal self-determination and self-development of students is justified.
Discussion and Conclusions.
The conclusion on the need for further theoretical analysis and synthesis of available scientific research on this problem is justified. On the basis of the results of few psychological studies of domestic authors, the need for further study of the problem of vocational training is proved. teachers-trainers. Prospects for the development of vocational higher education in the field of physical culture and sports have been defined. The conclusion that traditional approaches to training of the trainer-teacher in the system of higher school require revision, and the process of education - meaningful and organizational reform is justified.
El objetivo del estudio fue diseñar un instrumento para identificar características personales y didácticas utilizadas por los docentes en la formación de emprendedores. El instrumento fue validado ...mediante una prueba piloto aplicada a 52 docentes universitarios. La validez de contenido se estableció mediante el juicio de expertos. La confiabilidad de instrumento se estimó mediante el coeficiente de Alfa de Cronbach. Con esta prueba se obtuvo una confiabilidad de 0,88. Adicionalmente, se realizó el análisis factorial para la verificación de la dimensionalidad del instrumento propuesto y los análisis de ítems, obteniendo un resultado de la medida de adecuación muestral de 0,958 (índice Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin, KMO). De esta manera, el porcentaje de la varianza total explicada corresponde a 99,88%. La estructura de instrumento quedó conformada por 28 ítems, mediante una escala tipo Likert. El instrumento de recolección de datos presentado en el artículo aporta una herramienta para el desarrollo de programas de formación a formadores en emprendimiento y, consecuentemente, contribuye al desarrollo de actitudes emprendedoras en estudiantes, mediante la práctica docente.
Dental task trainer simulators using haptics (virtual touch) offers a cost-effective method of teaching certain clinical skills. The purpose of this study is to evaluate students’ performance in ...removing artificial caries after training with either a haptic dental chair simulator with virtual reality or a traditional dental chair simulator with a mannequin head. Cluster Randomized Controlled Trials in two cohorts, both Year 1 dental students. Students taught using traditional dental chair simulators were compared with students taught using haptic-based simulators on their ability to cut a cavity in a plastic tooth following training. Across both cohorts, there was no difference in the quality of cavity cut, though students’ technique differed across the two simulator groups in some respects. No difference was seen across both cohorts in the quality of cavity cut for a simple preparation, though students in the haptic condition performed less well in the more demanding task. Moreover, students in the haptic group were also less likely to be perceived to be ‘holding the instrument appropriately’. These findings suggest further investigation is needed into the differences in handling of instruments and level of clinical task difficulty between the simulators.
Lifelong learning offers an opportunity for mature employees to stay adept in the light of changing demands, to promote health and counteract physical and cognitive decline. This intervention study ...evaluates the effects of a multi-component training programme for employees aged 50+ , focussing on competence expectations, stress management, cognitive, metacognitive and psychomotoric training. Effects were evaluated in a longitudinal control group design with follow-up after six months (24 training groups,
n
= 247, participants per group:
M
= 13.04,
SD
= 2.44; control group,
n
= 199). To control for experimenter effects the same programme was administered to 6 additional groups by trained instructors (
n
= 54, participants per group:
M
= 11.83,
SD
= 3.37). To validate effects of the multi-component training 12 supplementary groups were included, with 4 groups each focusing on either the competence (
n
= 49, participants per group:
M
= 15.00,
SD
= 0.00) or cognitive (
n
= 43, participants per group:
M
= 14.25,
SD
= 1.50) or stress management components (
n
= 41, participants per group:
M
= 14.50,
SD
= 0.58). Data of 633 adults (mean age:
M
= 55.03,
SD
= 3.71 years) were analysed. Participants reported high acceptance of the programme. The multi-component training programme was effective regarding improvements in subjective health, self-concept of professional competence, self-efficacy, coping with stress and cognitive abilities with long-term effects for the latter four. Trainings administered by trained instructors had similar effects to those administered by the programme’s designers. The single-component trainings led to specific effects in the focused areas, overall comparable to those of the multi-component training. Unexpectedly, cognitive effects were obtained by all single-component trainings. Subjective health and self-efficacy were only promoted by the multi-component training, indicating broader effects. The results are discussed with respect to strengths and limitations of the study, possible mechanisms underlying the effects, suggestions for further research as well as for the training’s implementation in business practice.
Pyramidal training has been used for many years to expedite training for those who work with individuals with disabilities and utilizes an expert who provides training to a practitioner who then ...trains another practitioner to implement practices with clients. Fourteen articles were analyzed to investigate the viability of this training approach for practitioners of all types who support individuals with disabilities. Research does support the effectiveness of pyramidal training within the parameters with which it has been evaluated in this review. All Tier 1 participants made improvement; 83% of Tier 2 participants and 43% of individuals with disabilities showed improvement. Future researchers are encouraged to analyze not only the fidelity of the implementation of these practices but also the changes among the individuals with disabilities. To that end, progress monitoring is necessary to determine whether the implementation was the cause for the meaningful gains for the population being served.
Purpose
To evaluate the effect of a sleep position trainer (SPT) in patients with positional central sleep apnea (PCSA).
Methods
A multicentre cohort study was conducted. Patients with symptomatic ...PCSA were included. Effectiveness, compliance and quality of life were assessed at 1- and 6-month follow-up.
Results
Sixteen patients were included. Median AHI dropped from 23.4/h 12.9–31.2 to 11.5/h 7.2–24.5 (
p
= 0.044) after 1-month SPT therapy and in patients who continued treatment, median AHI further decreased after 6 months to 9.7/h 3.4–27.6 (
p
= 0.075). Median percentage of supine sleep decreased significantly from 37.6 17.2–51.8 to 6.7 0.7–22.8 (
p
< 0.001), after 1 month, and to 6.8 0.7–22.1 (
p
= 0.001), after 6 months. Mean compliance over 1 and 6 months was 78.6 ± 35.3 and 66.0 ± 33.3%, respectively. Epworth Sleepiness Scale at baseline was 9.5 3.3–11.8 and did not significantly decrease after 1 month (11.0 3.0–13.0) and 6 months (4.0 3.0–10.5) follow-up. Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire remained stable within the first month. However, after 6 months, there was a significant improvement compared to baseline values, 15.9 11.9–18.4 vs. 17.8 14.3–19.2;
p
= 0.030.
Conclusion
This is the first study on effects of positional therapy with a new-generation smart device in patients with PCSA after 1 and 6 months of follow-up. Results of this study show that the SPT is effective in reducing AHI and central AI, feasible in PCSA, and is associated with symptomatic improvement. While the working mechanism behind this effect remains speculative, the effect is positive and considerable.
The basic technical element that is a direct response to the opponent’s attack is the block. Blocking is related to setting the starting position of the player and choosing the most effective way to ...move. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time of movement in the block depending on the difficulty of the task determined by a response to light signals. The study included 14 players (17.36 ± 1.18 years). Eight discs of the FITLIGHT TrainerTM device placed at different heights near the center of the volleyball court were used for the measurements. The player’s task was to move as quickly as possible in a block after recognizing a light signal to take a specific action. Three types of tasks with different levels of difficulty were defined: reaction to the light signal on the player’s side (S1), reaction to the light signal of the upper or lower discs placed vertically over the net (S2), and reaction to the color of the light signal of the upper or lower discs placed vertically over the net (S3). The following time measurements were analyzed: indirect time (TI), time of movement to the jumping point (TJP), and total time (TT) on the right and left sides. In all measurements (TI, TJP, TT), the differences in the times obtained in tasks S1 and S2 and tasks S1 and S3 were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.001) for both the right and left sides. The comparison of the task performance times for S2 and S3 showed a difference only in the TJP measurement for the left side. An analysis of the results indicates a significant role of signal recognition and decision-making process in the player’s movement during blocking. The FITLIGHT TrainerTM device can be a useful tool for this purpose in coaching.
As in other areas of healthcare, the quality of patient care in the field of sport science and sports medicine (SSSM) could benefit from interprofessional collaboration between the professions ...involved. As a prerequisite, healthcare providers in the SSSM field should be equipped with positive attitudes and perceptions toward interprofessional collaboration (IPC) and interprofessional education (IPE), however detailed investigations are lacking. This study aimed to collect and compare socio-demographic data as well as interprofessional attitudes of SSSM professionals from an international perspective. Subjects were invited via professional SSSM organizations, personal networks and social media to participate in a cross-sectional online survey. Three-hundred and twenty complete datasets of SSSM professionals from the regions USA (n = 83), Canada (n = 179) and Europe (n = 58) were evaluated. In this survey, socio-demographic data as well as attitudes toward IPC and IPE using the 4 subscales of the University of West of England interprofessional Questionnaire (UWE-IP) were collected and analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. In the socio-demographic data, there was a diversity of participants representing different regional healthcare, sports and educational framing conditions. On average, in all regions clear positive attitudes were shown in the UWE-IP subscales communication & teamwork, interprofessional learning and interprofessional relationship, whereas in the subscale interprofessional interaction negative perceptions were observed on average across all regions. Significant effects of participants' demographic variables region, age and gender on some of the subscales were detected. Practitioners in the SSSM field have a high willingness and a beneficial preparedness for IPC and IPE, however, the framing conditions and the systems the respondents surveyed are working in do not support IPC. Interprofessional settings in learning and in workplace (e.g., theme-centred workshops, patient-centred case studies, health promotion activities) may help to improve interprofessional interactions in SSSM.
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