The study is devoted to the actualization of the ideas of the great comparative scholar of the XIXth century Max Müller (1823-1900), a contemporary of A. Schleicher, who, as is traditionally ...believed, worked mainly in the naturalistic trend. The authors of the study show that the achievements of M. Müller were unreasonably underestimated, calling the scientist a popularizer of science. The victory of positivism in German linguistics weakened interest in the works by M. Müller: linguistics was no longer perceived as a natural science. It is noted that the positivist approach denied the “metaphysical” typology, close in spirit to M. Müller. The authors come to the conclusion that M. Müller’s ideas and methodological attitudes survived his time into the future and sound relevant in the humanities of the XXIst century, based on the anthropological understanding of linguistic phenomena. M. Müller was one of the first scholars to distinguish between philology and linguistics, he boldly extrapolated the attitudes of comparative studies to other areas of humanitarian knowledge - mythology, religion, innovatively applied a socio-cultural approach to the analysis of language features and the study of archaic texts. The study compares M. Müller’s ideas with traditional historical observations of national comparativist- and-historical observations of Russian comparativists - F.I. Buslaev and I.I. Sreznevsky. It is emphasized that his works reveal the connection of philosophy with private sciences: linguistics, theology, cultural history. In this sense, “The Science of Language” can be regarded as an original experience of creating philological hermeneutics. It is stated that M. Müller studied the historical space of language from the point of view relevant to the modern science of comparative semasiology. The refraction of his ideas is observed in the works of modern scientists - typologists, comparativists, conceptologists: V.A. Dybo, V.V. Ivanov, V.N. Toporov, Yu.S. Stepanov. Once again, the naturalistic approach is reaching a new level of development in the XXIst century, and the comparative method - the main research tool of M. Müller and other scientists of the Schleicher era - is being actualized not only in linguistics, but also in philology, history of religion and ethnology. The dialectical approach to typological linguistics applied by M. Müller, remains in demand by the science of modern times.
Lyudmila Georgievna Zubkova was a professor, Doctor of Philology, famous Russian linguist, author of more than 100 works on general and comparative historical linguistics, philosophy and theory of ...language, history of linguistics, methodology of linguistics, phonology, morphonology, morphology of the Russian language, linguistic semantics and semiotics. She supervised more than 20 candidates of philological sciences. L.G. Zubkova worked at Peoples’ Friendship University named after Patrice Lumumba (1960-2002), taught at Lomonosov Moscow State University and was a professor of the Department of Russian Language and General Linguistics at Moscow State Pedagogical University (2002-2021). The study gives a review of the most significant stages of professor L.G. Zubkova’s scientific activity and her scientific heritage.
U radu je riječ o hrvatskome jeziku u kontaktu u slengu, koji se smješta u kontekst hrvatskoga jezika u kontaktu općenito odnosno koreliraju se različite vertikalne razine hrvatskoga jezika na više ...načina. Isto tako ti se kontakti tumače i općelingvistički. Pozornost se posvećuje manje poznatim ili nepoznatim kontaktima, od kojih se jedan (romski) može smatrati slengovskim supstratom, čime se povlači paralela sa stanjem u drugim europskim i svjetskim jezicima. Pozornost se također daje i drugim manje poznatim i uočljivim kontaktima u slengu na različitim jezičnim razinama, npr. morfološkoj ili tvorbenoj, kao što se i ističe važnost tih, neleksičkih, elemenata u određivanju isključivo slengovskih obilježja. U sklopu toga propituje se Filipovićeva teorija jezika u kontaktu, koja, prema izloženome, nije univerzalna, ne samo za sve jezike nego i unutar hrvatskoga jezika. Kako je sleng idiom koji se temelji na leksičko-frazeološkoj razini i s obzirom na brojnost posuđenih elemenata (ali što potvrđuju i druge razine), može ga se okarakterizirati kao idiom hibrid. Štoviše, uzevši u obzir i "unutarnje posuđenice", ili riječi nastale prenesenim značenjem od osnovnoga, i neologizme, koji su posuđenice iz idiolekata, možemo sleng u potpunosti smatrati idiomom nastalim posuđivanjem.
This monograph is a contribution to the documentation of the linguistic situation of the Kinnaur district in Himachal Pradesh (Indian Himalayas) which has been so far almost undescribed. The ...Sino-Tibetan languages Kinnauri and Navakat and the Indo-Aryan language Kinnauri Pahari, all spoken in Kinnaur, are described both individually and as parts of a multifaceted linguistic ecology that extends into the surrounding wider Himalayan region. The author combines traditional linguistic description and a quantitative computational procedure to disentangle genealogical and areal characteristics of the languages of Kinnaur.
Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar, desde la perspectiva funcionalista, las construcciones causativas perifrásticas en toba del este y del oeste de Formosa, y comparativamente entre ...ambas variedades. En especial, se considera el grado de fusión de los predicados de causa y de efecto, el orden y el grado de variabilidad paradigmática de los mismos. La estrategia de causativización perifrástica registrada en toba del este de Formosa no fue descripta en las variedades de Chaco -con las que es mutuamente inteligible- y se demuestra que presenta diferencias, sobre todo en términos de gramaticalización, con la construcción causativa perifrástica del toba del oeste de Formosa. El corpus está compuesto por relatos orales y cláusulas elicitadas, registrados en trabajos de campo realizados en tres comunidades de la provincia de Formosa: Vaca Perdida, al oeste, y barrio Nam Qom y Bartolomé de las Casas, en el este y centro-este. Este artículo constituye una contribución a investigaciones de tipo comparativo de los mecanismos de causativización perifrástica en dos variedades de toba. A su vez, ante la ausencia de registros diacrónicos, la comparación en la sincronía de lenguas genéticamente emparentadas, pero habladas por pueblos que han atravesado procesos etnohistóricos diferenciales, proporciona evidencia empírica que puede permitir postular, a modo de hipótesis, procesos de gramaticalización en curso.
This paper discusses the need for a modern Estonian reference grammar for learners and lays the basic groundwork for creating one. The current abundance of materials for teaching Estonian as a ...foreign language and recent advancements in both areal-typological linguistics and in the study of acquisition of Estonian contribute to conceptualizing a new type of grammar, and further improving the teaching and learning of Estonian. Modern language instruction orients to proficiency as the ability to use language in real life. We contend that this goal, combined with the availability of language technology and increased mobility of people increases the demands on effective teaching of language structure. Research has shown that the main difficulties for learners of Estonian concern morphology and morphosyntax. We suggest that including an areal-typological perspective on categories and concepts in describing and explaining the structure of Estonian may help learners in these areas.Kokkuvõte. Anne Tamm, Piibi-Kai Kivik: Grammatika eesti keele õppijale: võõrkeeleõpe ja tüpoloogia. Artikkel osutab ühisosale areaal-tüpoloogilise keeleteaduse ja teise keele omandamise uurimise vahel. Eesti keele morfosüntaks ja süntaks, sh evidentsiaalsuse, aspekti ja eituse väljendamine pakub huvi mõlema ala uurijatele. Keeleõppija jaoks pole siin tegu mitte ainult uue vormi, vaid ka uue grammatilise kategooria või moodustussüsteemiga (nt eitus), kus erinevuste teadvustamine, sh metalingvistiline teadlikkus võib aidata vältida vigu ja kiirendada keeleomandamise protsessi. Artikkel väidab, et kaasaegne kommunikatiivne, suhtluspädevusele suunatud keeleõpe ei väldi grammatika õpetamist, vaid teeb seda läbimõeldult ja kontekstis. Et keeletundides kasutataks võimalikult palju aega suhtlemise harjutamiseks, on vaja käepäraseid ja ammendavaid materjale iseseisvaks tööks, sh grammatikaseletusi ja pedagoogilist grammatikat. Pedagoogiline grammatika, mis põhineb lingvistilisel uurimistööl, pakub uusi võimalusi nii õpetajale kui õppijale sihtja lähtekeele kõrvutamiseks ning veaohtlike või keerulisemate keelenähtuste paremaks omandamiseks.Märksõnad: areaal-tüpoloogiline keeleteadus; eesti keel võõrkeelena; morfosüntaks; kategooriad; õppijagrammatika
This volume offers a unique combination of interdisciplinary research and a comprehensive overview of motion and space studies from a semantic typological perspective. The chapters present ...cutting-edge research covering central topics such as the status of semantic components in motion event descriptions and their role in typological variation, the function of linguistic multimodal structures for the codification of motion, the diachronic evolution of motion expressions and its effects on motion typologies, the correspondences between physical and non-physical (fictive, metaphorical) motion, and the impact of contexts and genres on the characterization and interpretation of motion events. These issues are examined from a theoretical and applied linguistic perspective (L1-L2 acquisition, translation/interpreting). The analyses make use of diachronic and synchronic data collected by a range of methods (elicitation, experimentation, and corpus research) in more than fifteen languages. All in all, this book will be of great value to scholars and students interested in the expression of motion and space across languages.
" The Siouan family comprises some twenty languages, historically spoken across a broad swath of the central North American plains and woodlands, as well as in parts of the southeastern United ...States. In spite of its geographical extent and diversity, and the size and importance of several Siouan-speaking tribes, this family has received relatively little attention in the linguistic literature and many of the individual Siouan languages are severely understudied. This volume aims to make work on Siouan languages more broadly available and to encourage deeper investigation of the myriad typological, theoretical, descriptive, and pedagogical issues they raise. The 17 chapters in this volume present a broad range of current Siouan research, focusing on various Siouan languages, from a variety of linguistic perspectives: historical-genetic, philological, applied, descriptive, formal/generative, and comparative/typological. The editors' preface summarizes characteristic features of the Siouan family, including head-final and ""verb-centered"" syntax, a complex system of verbal affixes including applicatives and subject-possessives, head-internal relative clauses, gendered speech markers, stop-systems including ejectives, and a preference for certain prosodic and phonotactic patterns. The volume is dedicated to the memory of Professor Robert L. Rankin, a towering figure in Siouan linguistics throughout his long career, who passed away in February of 2014. "
This article proposes a reflection on the use of the concept of "deflexivity" as part of the typological evolution of Romance languages in order to identify more general assumptions in the field of ...diachrony. It is not a universalist point of view insofar as Gustave William himself, the inventor of this concept, also created the concept of symmetrical “inflexity” representing all inverse operations. In our study, we limited ourselves to the analysis of deflexivity in Romance languages, particularly French, Italian and Romanian, our ultimate goal is to raise the general issues relating to the development of typological languages. For this, we compared the diachronic evolution of French and Italian by some references to Romanian to highlight points of convergence and the largest differences in particular characteristics of a typological perspective.
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