The article discusses the mechanisms for optimizing the activities of state construction during the implementation of various investment and construction projects, including reprofilling, repurposing ...and reconstruction facilities. As a result, the authors provide a new dimension of quality system by several areas of criteria.
Well-established fine-scale urban mobility models today depend on detailed but cumbersome and expensive travel surveys for their calibration. Not much is known, however, about the set of mechanisms ...needed to generate complete mobility profiles if only using passive datasets with mostly sparse traces of individuals. In this study, we present a mechanistic modeling framework (TimeGeo) that effectively generates urban mobility patterns with resolution of 10 min and hundreds of meters. It ties together the inference of home and work activity locations from data, with the modeling of flexible activities (e.g., other) in space and time. The temporal choices are captured by only three features: the weekly home-based tour number, the dwell rate, and the burst rate. These combined generate for each individual: (i) stay duration of activities, (ii) number of visited locations per day, and (iii) daily mobility networks. These parameters capture how an individual deviates from the circadian rhythm of the population, and generate the wide spectrum of empirically observed mobility behaviors. The spatial choices of visited locations are modeled by a rank-based exploration and preferential return (r-EPR) mechanism that incorporates space in the EPR model. Finally, we show that a hierarchical multiplicative cascade method can measure the interaction between land use and generation of trips. In this way, urban structure is directly related to the observed distance of travels. This framework allows us to fully embrace the massive amount of individual data generated by information and communication technologies (ICTs) worldwide to comprehensively model urban mobility without travel surveys.
El concepto de informalidad urbana se ha abordado tradicionalmente de manera dicotómica, lo define su oposición a lo que se considera formal. Esta visión dual limita la comprensión de la complejidad ...espacial que se produce en las ciudades contemporáneas latinoamericanas, reflejo de las tensiones y continuidades entre lo formal e informal. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar dichas tensiones desde sus causas, perfil poblacional y proceso de desarrollo, con el fin de identificar distintos tipos de informalidad que resultan de las transformaciones que suceden entre los espacios y las personas. Esta reflexión partió de una amplia revisión documental que permitió la elaboración de tres escenarios de cambio de la informalidad que reflejan su diversificación y contribuyen tanto al conocimiento del fenómeno como al diseño de intervenciones que respondan a las distintas condiciones de la población.
•This study provides a systematic review in order to explain the conflicts of land tenure.•Results show that land tenure-related conflicts are classified into three main categories.•Land ...tenure-related conflicts include interests, power, and legal and normative framework.•Land tenure changes in a specific system of rights, relationships, and institutions.•The explanation of the conflicts is crucial to achieving sustainable land tenure.
The rapid increase of urban population during the 21 st century has led to the expansion of metropolises and increased demand for land in peri-urban areas, which are often the object of compulsory land acquisition to cover urban development processes. Such a process leads to widespread land tenure changes in a specific system of rights, relationships, and institutions that contradict the nature of land as an essential and limited commodity. These changes continuously create the potential for land tenure conflicts in peri-urban areas, which are often complex and lead to violent, insecure, and unstable disputes. While many efforts have been made to explain the conflicts related to land tenure, and researchers have examined it from various aspects, there is still a deep gap in the integrated understanding of land tenure-related conflicts in peri-urban areas. Thus, the purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive and systematic review of selected sources in order to explain the conflicts related to land tenure in peri-urban areas. In this regard, a meta-synthesis approach was used to review the types of land tenure-related conflicts in the conducted studies to integrate their results. So, 126 sources of land tenure conflicts were identified. The frequency of these sources shows that land tenure-related conflicts in peri-urban areas can be classified into three main categories. The first category considers conflicts in relation to the different interests of land (conflicts of interests-55.3%). The second category attributes them to conflicts among individuals, institutions with one another, or between individuals and institutions (conflicts of power - 23.8%), and 20.9% emphasize on the "conflict in legal and normative frameworks". With these in mind, it is obvious that the explanation of land tenure conflicts in peri-urban areas from different levels and dimensions is crucial for achieving sustainable land tenure.
Abstract
The development of Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) is a complex process that involves the integration of various technologies, stakeholders, and policies. To facilitate this process, a ...database for PEDs has been developed as a joint effort of COST Action ‘PED-EU-NET’, IEA EBC Annex 83, and JPI Urban Europe. This paper reports on the realization of the PED-Database framework and its online implementation as a modular web interoperable platform, giving details on the development life cycle since the scoping phase up to the testing phase. The PED-Database offers a variety of implementation strategies and conceptualizations for the PED concept, making it a valuable resource for urban planners, policymakers, and researchers. The testing phase has shown that there is no one-fits-all solution for PED implementation, and the overall PED framework definitions require further detailing in the local context. However, the database allows users to visualize and compare different PED scenarios by customizing their selection, accessing to the information provided by real PED cases that best meets their expectations and goals. Overall, the PED-Database provides a valuable tool for the development of sustainable and energy-efficient urban areas.
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