This book examines the European governance of emerging security technologies.The emergence of technologies such as drones, autonomous robotics, artificial intelligence, cyber and biotechnologies has ...stimulated worldwide debates on their use, risks and benefits in both the civilian and the security-related fields. This volume examines the concept of ‘governance’ as an analytical framework and tool to investigate how new and emerging security technologies are governed in practice within the European Union (EU), emphasising the relational configurations among different state and non-state actors. With reference to European governance, it addresses the complex interplay of power relations, interests and framings surrounding the development of policies and strategies for the use of new security technologies. The work examines varied conceptual tools to shed light on the way diverse technologies are embedded in EU policy frameworks. Each contribution identifies actors involved in the governance of a specific technology sector, their multilevel institutional and corporate configurations, and the conflicting forces, values, ethical and legal concerns, as well as security imperatives and economic interests.This book will be of much interest to students of science and technology studies, security studies and EU policy.
Zamisel o skupnem prometnem prostoru (ang. living streets) se je razvila šele nedavno, upošteva pa se predvsem pri prostorskem načrtovanju in razvoju mest. Njena glavna namena sta zagotavljanje ...varnega dostopa za vse vrste prometa in s tem osredotočanje na splošni trajnostni razvoj mesta. Avtorji v članku proučujejo značilnosti glavnih prometnih žil v poslovnem središču Pešavarja z vidika koncepta skupnega prometnega prostora, na podlagi česar bi se lahko sprejeli ustrezni ukrepi za izboljšanje tega mestnega območja. Predpostavljajo, da trenutna infrastruktura skupnega prometnega prostora v poslovnem središču mesta ne zadovoljuje potreb različnih uporabnikov (nakupovalcev, stanovalcev, zaposlenih in ljudi, ki območje uporabljajo za rekreacijo). Da bi določili in analizirali osnovno javno infrastrukturo v poslovnem središču mesta, so opravili raziskavo, ki je vključevala opazovanje in anketo. Raziskava je razkrila težave, kot so hrup, onesnažen zrak, smeti, pomanjkanje ustrezne javne prometne infrastrukture in površin za pešce ter slabo upravljanje prometa. Anketiranci so izrazili močno nezadovoljstvo z zdajšnjo ureditvijo za pešce in parkiranje na ulici. Terenska raziskava je poleg tega pokazala, da površine za pešce ne zadovoljujejo potreb pešcev, pomanjkanje ulične opreme pa prebivalce odvrača od tega, da bi se bolj družili.
Das neue unionale Datenschutzrecht ist, entgegen mancher Befürchtung, kein law of everything. Vielmehr müssen unterschiedliche Rechtsmaterien ineinandergreifen, um eine sachgerechte Regelungsstruktur ...im Schnittbereich von Datenschutzrecht und Privatrecht aufzubauen. Philipp Hacker bestimmt das Verhältnis dieser Rechtsmaterien, insbesondere von DS-GVO und BGB. Denn die Verschränkung unterschiedlicher Technologieformen fordert mehr denn je ein rechtsbereichsübergreifendes Verständnis von juristischer Dogmatik und ein interdisziplinär fundiertes Konzept von Regulierung. Auf Basis des geltenden Rechts entwirft er ein integriertes Marktordnungsrecht für digitale Austauschverhältnisse. Die Untersuchung schließt mit Reformperspektiven, die aufzeigen, wie die informierte Einwilligung durch eine technologische ersetzt werden kann, um eine privatautonome Gestaltung von Rechtsverhältnissen unter den Bedingungen der digitalen Wirtschaft zu ermöglichen. Die Arbeit wurde mit dem Wissenschaftspreis der Deutschen Stiftung für Recht und Informatik 2020 ausgezeichnet.
Tehran’s ability to fight by, with and through third parties in foreign jurisdictions has become a valuable and effective sovereign capability that gives Iran strategic advantage in the region. ...Tehran has possessed a form of this capability since the Islamic Revolution in 1979, but its potency and significance have risen sharply in the past decade, to the point where it has brought Iran more regional influence and status than either its nuclear or ballistic-missile programmes.
The IISS Strategic Dossier Iran’s Networks of Influence provides an understanding of how Iran builds, operates and uses this capability. Based on original field research, open-source information and interviews with a range of sources, the dossier conducts an audit of Iran’s activities in the principal regional theatres of Iraq, Lebanon, Syria and Yemen, and its reach into Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. It includes an examination of Tehran’s nurturing of groups such as the Houthis in Yemen, the Badr Organisation in Iraq, Hizbullah in Lebanon and Shia militias in Syria, and details related to recruitment, weapons supply, logistics and command-and-control systems.
Iran’s Networks of Influence is intended through objective, fact-based analysis to inform both policymakers and practitioners, and to stimulate debate on the wider significance of Iran’s use of third-party partners and the strategic depth they afford Tehran. The dossier also examines the advantages that Iran possesses through its recent experience of conflict, and its ability to mobilise and deploy sympathetic Shia communities across theatres. In a time of rising tension in the region, the dossier looks at how Iran might further develop the use of its partnership capability and the risks and constraints it might face.
V literaturi so na voljo številne teoretične in empirične raziskave vrednotenja učinkovitosti stavb na nepremičninskem trgu. Nekatere od njih preučujejo spremembe v cenah nepremičnin po njihovi ...obnovi, le malo pa se jih ukvarja z določanjem cen stavb na podlagi njihove varnosti. V članku je predstavljena raziskava, ki preučuje, ali stanovanja v varnejših stavbah v Hongkongu dosegajo višje tržne vrednosti. Za tovrstno raziskavo je Hongkong kar dober laboratorij, saj je v tako gosto poseljenem okolju, v katerem prevladujejo visoke stavbe, propadanje in nevzdrževanje stavb, ki vodi v zrušitev, lahko zelo nevarno. V raziskavi je varnost stavb merjena s ponderiranim številom nedovoljenih gradbenih del (NGD) na zunanjih zidovih stavb. NGD so dela, izvedena brez vnaprejšnje odobritve in soglasja vlade. Za ocenjevanje tržne vrednosti varnosti stavb je oblikovan model hedonskih cen. Za potrebe modela so bili poleg podatkov o nepremičninskih transakcijah pridobljeni tudi podatki o številu nedovoljenih dodatnih elementov (to je NGD na pročelju stavb) na vsaki preučevani stavbi. Na podlagi rezultatov analize je preverjenih več hipotez, ki temeljijo na teorijah samozaščite in samozavarovanja.
Social protection systems are often still designed for the archetypical full-time dependent employee. Work patterns deviating from this model - be it self-employment or online "gig work" - can lead ...to gaps in social protection coverage. Globalisation and digitalisation are likely to exacerbate.
V začetku 21. st. se pridelava hrane na prebivalca ni povečevala, hrana pa je postala pomembna strateška dobrina. V pričakovanih negotovih razmerah nestabilne oskrbe s hrano na globalni ravni postaja ...vprašanje lokalne, regionalne in državne samooskrbe s hrano zelo pomembno. Slovenija z domačo pridelavo ne pokriva svojih potreb po kmetijsko-živilskih proizvodih. Vendar strokovne ocene kažejo, da Slovenija razpolaga z dovolj velikimi potenciali kmetijskih zemljišč, da prehransko varnost bistveno poveča do leta 2030.
Der Schutzgegenstand personenbezogener Daten gemäß Art. 4 Nr. 1 DS-GVO wird auf den Schutz der kontext-spezifischen personalen Identitäten erweitert. In Anbetracht der gleichzeitigen Realisierung ...etwa der kulturellen, wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Identität bedarf es eines spiegelbildlichen Identitätsschutzes aus dem offline-Kontext für den online-Kontext. Dies verlangt die spieltheoretisch begründete Verhandlungsfähigkeit der Bilder personaler Identitäten, damit sich der Selbstdatenschutz mit einem Mediationsagenten wirksam ausüben lässt. Demnach sollte ein iteratives „identity management by design“ zur technischen Gestaltungsanforderung werden, um dem Prinzip einer verhandlungsfähigen personalen Identität im Online-Kontext gerecht zu werden.
In the eyes of many, one of the most challenging problems of the information society is that we are faced with an ever expanding mass of information. Selection of the relevant bits of information ...seems to become more important than the retrieval of data as such: the information is all out there, but what it means and how we should act on it may be one of the big questions of the 21st century. If an information society is a society with an exponential proliferation of data, a knowledge society must be the one that has learned how to cope with this. Profiling technologies seem to be one of the most promising technological means to create order in the chaos of proliferating data. In this volume a multi-focal view will be developed to focus upon what profiling is, where it is applied and what may be the impact on democracy and rule of law. The book is the result of research conducted within the framework of the FIDIS (Future of Identity of Information Society) NoE (Network of Excellence).
The International Ocean Institute – Canada has compiled more than 80 insightful essays on the future of ocean governance and capacity development, based largely on themes of its Training Program at ...Dalhousie University in Canada, to honor the work of Elisabeth Mann Borgese (1918-2002).