volilna kampanja je posebne vrste informacijska kampanja. kandidati na volitvah imajo v tem času priložnost, da volivcem sporočijo informacije o sebi, svojih stališčih in programih. Hkrati imajo ...volivci priložnost pridobiti informacije, potrebne za oddajo premišljenega glasu. zanimalo nas je, ali je ob teh posebnih značilnostih obdobja kampanje možno opaziti kakršnekoli spremembe pri političnem vedenju anketirancev. Pri tem smo opazovali zelo ozko področje političnega vedenja v smeri politične aktiva- cije. Z uporabo zbranih podatkov v raziskavi Politbarometer od leta 1996 do leta 2013 smo opazili, da se v obdobjih kampanje poveča delež anketirancev, ki se opredelijo pri nedeljskem vprašanju kot tudi pri orientacijskem vprašanju »levo–desno«, in to tako v obdobju državnozborskih kot v obdobju predsedniških volilnih kampanj.
Članek analizira vpliv učinka poznanstva in sosedstva na volilno vedenje na primeru volilnega okraja Tolmin. S statističnimi in kartografskimi analizami rezultatov državnozborskih volitev iz let 2008 ...in 2011 smo prikazali rezultate dvanajstih kandidatov. Potrjenih je bilo več primerov šibkega oziroma zmernega vpliva preučevanega učinka na volilno vedenje, prostorska razporeditev podpore kandidatom pa je odsevala razlike med mestnimi in podeželskimi območji ter vpliv lokalnih posebnosti (medsosedsko rivalstvo, gravitacijska zaledja, funkcije kandidatov) na volilno vedenje.
Most data related to cutaneous melanoma survivors' health behaviour comes from epidemiological studies and is predominantly concerned with safe-sun behaviour and self-examination. Data regarding ...other changes of health behaviour are scarce and so are qualitative studies in this realm. The aim of our research is to acquire insight into the experiences of patients with cutaneous melanoma in Slovenia. How did they react to the diagnosis, which changes did they introduce in their health behaviour and how do they assess the role of family doctors?
Using the qualitative approach of collective case reports, a demographically diverse group of patients with different forms and stages of cutaneous melanoma was selected. Semi-structured interviews conducted by a psychologist were recorded and transcribed verbatim. For data processing, the approach of Qualitative Content Analysis was applied.
We integrated interviewees' experiences after the diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma in several subcategories: either they did not introduce any changes or they mentioned changing their habits when exposed to the sun and performing skin self-examination; they also emphasized their ways of dealing with stress and raising awareness about melanoma among family members and friends. The role of family doctors in the prevention and care appears unclear; even contradictory.
We obtained insight into the experiences of Slovenian patients with cutaneous melanoma. The interviewees prioritised safe behaviour in the sun, strengthening of psychological stability and raising awareness about melanoma. Findings will be used in the creation of a structured questionnaire for national epidemiological survey.
Alcohol/binge drinking among university students has become a major public health problem. Many of young students will be exposed to substantial changes in living arrangements, socialization groups ...and social activities during the transitional period.
The aim of this study was to analyse the alcohol consumption in Romanian university students, and to describe the behaviours occurring after drinking.
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 468 undergraduate students, from a university for medicine and law. Of these students, 35.5% were males and 64.5% were females. The mean age of students was 21.9 ± 3.22 years. Validated anonymous paper questionnaires were completed voluntary by the students. Questionnaires contained demographic items, six questions for determining the level of alcohol consumed in terms of quantity and frequency, and 19 statements or problems resulting from drinking.
The findings of the study showed that males drunk more units of alcohol/week than females (p<0.001). The prevalence of abstainers was 10.8% in males and 17.6% in women. Heavy drinkers (drinking 5 or more drinks more than once a week) were more common among male (19.3%) than among female students (16.2%). Most frequently, drinking behaviours are related to academic performance, and the possible link between poor academic performance and alcohol consumption appears tenuous and merits further investigation.
Effective intervention strategies should be implemented to prevent students' alcohol consumption and adverse health and social consequences resulting from this behaviour.
Vor knapp dreißig Jahren ist die Metapher „the dark sides of consumer behavior“ in die Konsumentenverhaltensforschung eingeführt worden. So setzen sich Konsumenten mit ihrem Verhalten manchmal ...wissend ins Unrecht, betrachten ihre Vergehen aber als "smarte Kavaliersdelikte". Zudem erliegen Menschen schädlichen Versuchungen und neigen zu Süchten. Schließlich agieren Verbraucher oft egoistischer oder weniger nachhaltig, als sie von sich selbst behaupten. Die Beiträge in diesem Buch knüpfen an dieses Generalthema an, widmen sich den dunklen Seiten und regen an, dass Nachfrager und Anbieter manche Verhaltensweisen überdenken und auch Gegenstrategien entwickeln sollten. Mit Beiträgen von Tilman Becker, Jonas Grauel, Andrea Gröppel-Klein, Rita Hagl-Kehl, Ludger Heidbrink, Stefan Hoffmann, Martin Klug, Jörn Lamla, Janina Loh, Kaspar Maase, Tobias Matzner, Julian Nida-Rümelin, Anja Spilski, Nathalie Weidenfeld, Marius Wuketich. About 30 years ago, the metaphor of ‘the dark sides of consumer behaviour’ was introduced in consumer behaviour research. Consumers sometimes knowingly place themselves in the wrong with their behaviour (as in the case of fraudulent returning of products, for example), but regard their misdemeanours as ‘smart peccadilloes’. In addition, people succumb to harmful temptations and tend towards addictions (e.g. in the form of gambling). Finally, consumers often act more selfishly (or less sustainably) than they claim to. The contributions in this book examine this general topic, address the dark sides of consumerism and encourage both consumers and companies to rethink some of their behaviour and also develop counter-strategies to it. With contributions by Tilman Becker, Jonas Grauel, Andrea Gröppel-Klein, Rita Hagl-Kehl, Ludger Heidbrink, Stefan Hoffmann, Martin Klug, Jörn Lamla, Janina Loh, Kaspar Maase, Tobias Matzner, Julian Nida-Rümelin, Anja Spilski, Nathalie Weidenfeld, Marius Wuketich.
Der Schutzgegenstand personenbezogener Daten gemäß Art. 4 Nr. 1 DS-GVO wird auf den Schutz der kontext-spezifischen personalen Identitäten erweitert. In Anbetracht der gleichzeitigen Realisierung ...etwa der kulturellen, wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Identität bedarf es eines spiegelbildlichen Identitätsschutzes aus dem offline-Kontext für den online-Kontext. Dies verlangt die spieltheoretisch begründete Verhandlungsfähigkeit der Bilder personaler Identitäten, damit sich der Selbstdatenschutz mit einem Mediationsagenten wirksam ausüben lässt. Demnach sollte ein iteratives „identity management by design“ zur technischen Gestaltungsanforderung werden, um dem Prinzip einer verhandlungsfähigen personalen Identität im Online-Kontext gerecht zu werden.
Wohin entwickelt sich die Konsumgesellschaft? Wie ändern sich die Einstellungen und Verhaltensweisen der Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher? Zeichnet sich ein Wandel vom industriellen Massenkonsum zum ...individualisierten Digitalkonsum ab? Diesen Fragen widmete sich die dritte Jahrestagung des bundesweiten Netzwerks Verbraucherforschung, deren Ergebnisse der vorliegende Band dokumentiert. Tiefgreifende Transformationen in der Geschichte des Konsums, wie sie die Industrielle Revolution und die Digitalisierung darstellen, können nur durch disziplinübergreifende Forschungsanstrengungen verstanden werden. Neben den klassischen Fächern der Verbraucherwissenschaften wie Wirtschafts-, Rechts-, Politik- und Sozialwissenschaften kommen daher in diesem Band auch historiografische und kulturwissenschaftliche Perspektiven zum Tragen. Die Veröffentlichung hat zum Ziel, den Austausch aktueller Ergebnisse der verbraucherbezogenen Forschung in Wissenschaft und Politik zu fördern und den Wissenstransfer zu stärken.
Introduction. Suicide is a multidimensional problem. Observations of family history of suicide suggest the existence of a genetic vulnerability to suicidal behaviour.
Aim. Starting with a historical ...perspective, the article reviews current knowledge of a genetic vulnerability to suicidal behaviour, distinct from the genetic vulnerability to psychiatric disorders, focused on clinical and population-based studies, and findings from recent molecular genetics association studies.
Method. The review includes peer-reviewed research articles and review papers from the professional literature in English language, retrieved from PubMed/Medline and PsycINFO.
Results. The research literature confirms a existence of a genetic vulnerability to suicidal behaviour. Even though the results of individual studies are difficult to compare, genetic influences could explain up to half of the variance of the occurrence of suicide.
Conclusion. Genetic vulnerability could be a distal risk factor for suicide, which helps us to understand the occurrence of suicide among vulnerable people. Ethical implications of such vulnerability are highlighted.
Uvod. Samomor je večrazsežnostni problem. S študijami družinskih anamnez samomorilnega vedenja je bilo ugotovljeno, da bi genetska komponenta lahko vplivala na občutljivost za samomorilno vedenje.
Namen. Članek skozi zgodovinski vidik proučuje današnje poznavanje genetske ranljivosti za samomorilno vedenje, ki se razlikuje od genetske ranljivosti za psihiatrične motnje v kliničnih in populacijskih študijah ter prikazuje ugotovitve zadnjih študij molekularno genetskih raziskav.
Metoda. Strokovni pregled vključuje raziskovalne članke in poročila iz strokovne literature v angleškem jeziku, pridobljene iz PubMed/Medine in PsycINFO.
Rezultati. Pregled obstoječe strokovne literature kaže na prisotnost genetske komponente kot dejavnika tveganja za samomorilno vedenje. Čeprav je rezultate posameznih študij težko primerjati, pa lahko genetski vplivi pojasnijo tudi do polovico različnih pojavov samomorilnega vedenja.
Zaključek. Genetska ranljivost bi lahko bila distalni dejavnik tveganja za samomor, kar nam pomaga razumeti pojav samomora med osebami s tveganjem za samomorilno vedenje. S tega pogleda so zajeta tudi etična vprašanja.
Zaradi vse večjih nevšečnosti, ki jih na stanovanjskem področju povzročajo protisocialno vedenje (ang. antisocial behaviour, v nadaljevanju: ASB) in problemi v soseski, mnoge zahodnjaške vlade v ...svojih programih stanovanjske politike namenjajo nadzorovanju ASB osrednje mesto. Vendar je za spopadanje z ASB pogosto potrebno veliko političnih ukrepov. Čeprav se ASB in njegovemu nadzoru namenja veliko znanstvene pozornosti, je bil do zdaj glavni poudarek skoraj vedno predvsem na socialnih stanovanjih, pri čemer ni jasno, ali ta problem pri drugih vrstah stanovanj ne obstaja ali je tam preprosto prezrt. Članek temelji na raziskavi zasebnih stanovanjskih naselij v Hongkongu ter v njem sta preučena obseg in resnost problema ASB v zasebnih stanovanjih. Kaže, da ta problem pri stanovalcih povzroča veliko skrbi ter da se mnogi stanovalci pritožujejo nad hrupom in odlaganjem smeti v svojem bivalnem okolju. Po drugi strani ima večina stanovalcev občutek, da upravniki večstanovanjskih stavb pri reševanju teh problemov niso uspešni in da se z njimi ne spopadajo na primeren način. Upravniki se pri odzivanju na ASB spopadajo s številnimi neizogibnimi težavami, ki so posledica tega, da jih izberejo vsi lastniki stanovanj skupaj in da nimajo pooblastil za ukrepanje. Nadzorovanje nekaterih nevšečnosti v soseščinah je namreč zelo zahtevno in drago. Članek se konča s predlogom za empirično raziskavo, ki bi razložila širjenje ASB z vidika transakcijskih stroškov.
The central part of this monography explores the extent to which social influence methods, which are used to encourage individuals’ environmental awareness and overcome obstacles preventing the ...spread of environmentally friendly behavior, are successful in supporting individuals’ environmental protection tendencies, changing readiness to engage in environmentally friendly behavior, and changing their behavior itself. There is a long journey from awareness of environmental issues to actual environmentally friendly behavior, in which four basic research aspects are highlighted: the selection of behaviors that should be changed, the study of factors causing environmentally unfriendly behaviors, the use of carefully selected social influence methods in order to change environmental awareness and behavior, and a systematic assessment of their influence.It has been established that readiness to engage in environmentally friendly behavior is more strongly encouraged by internal or psychological factors of environmental behavior, whereas in addition to these the behavior itself is also influenced by external or social factors. Social influence methods, based on practical approach, which is adapted to different target groups, have proven to be a successful method, which can be also implemented in educational sistem. Young people are most receptive to changes and are an effective medium to transfer such ideas and proper behavior to seniors.
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