Introduction
SSRI’s are consistently associated with violent events in the adult population. However, the causality between SSRI use and violent behaviour was never found. Several recent studies draw ...the attention to this hypothesis while they were inspired by several mass murderers in the United States.
Objectives
A literature research on studies exploring the association between SSRI use and violent behaviour.
Methods
The authors performed a literature search (1966–2020) using PubMed and Embase to review studies where a possible link between SSRI’s and violent behaviour in adults was assessed.
Results
94 studies were identified, of which 6 studies were included. There is no association between the use of SSRI’s and violent behaviour in the general population. However, an increased hazard of violent behaviour was observed in young man and those with a history of violent crime.
Conclusions
Overall, SSRI treatment is safe in the general population. Certain subgroups can, however, be vulnerable to aggressive flare-ups, especially during on-treatment period and the first 12 weeks after drug discontinuation. Therefore, careful monitoring throughout these critical periods is strongly recommended.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
Across the cultures, parenting or child-rearing practices are considered as the concrete behaviors towards the developmental process of rearing or socialization of the children. The study splits the ...conception of parenting practices among two domains as parental acceptance and parental rejection, depending on the behavioural outcomes under investigation. The cross sectional research was conducted on young males attending colleges in Lahore, Pakistan to understand that how parental rejection dimensions of parenting manifest the violent behavioral outcome among male college students. The research within the Pakistani indigenous culture on parenting practices and its inter-relationship between youth violent behavioural outcomes provide stems from the theoretical anchorage in the socio-psychological works. The sample of 816 male students from public colleges of Lahore was included to collect the responses through self-administered questionnaire as a tool of the study. The results indicated that measures of perceived parental rejection accounts variations in the violent behavioural outcomes of the young male students for 26.2% (R2 = 0.262). The study suggests that positive parenting interventions may cause to reduce the risk factors (i.e. violent behavioral practices) among youth.
A survey of video violence detection Yao, Huiling; Hu, Xing
Cyber-physical systems,
01/02/2023, 2023-01-02, Letnik:
9, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
As one of the important applications of intelligent video surveillance, violent behaviour detection (VioBD) plays a crucial role in public security and safety. As a particular type of behaviour ...recognition, VioBD aims to identify whether the behaviours that occurred in the scene is aggressive, such as fighting and assault. To comprehensively analyse the current state and predict the future trend of VioBD research, we survey the existing approaches of VioBD in this work. First, we briefly introduce the basic principle and the challenges of VioBD; Then, we category the existing approaches according to their framework, including the traditional framework, end-to-end deep learning framework, and hybrid deep learning framework. Finally, we introduce the public datasets for evaluating the performance of VioBD approaches and compare their performances on these datasets. Besides, we also summarise the open problems in VioBD and predict its future trends.
Verbal and physical violence in psychiatric hospitals can have harmful consequences for staff members, such as physical injury, traumatisation, and sick leave, and they often accompany involuntary ...admission. Harm to others may co-occur with self-harm, i.e., dual harm. However, little is known about the association between dual-harm and violent behaviour towards staff members and its clinical outcomes, such as seclusion and rapid tranquilisation after involuntary admission to a psychiatric inpatient unit.
A convenience sample of patients admitted involuntarily (N = 384; mean age = 48.03, SD = 19.92) between January 2016 and December 2019 in Western Brabant, the Netherlands, was used to design a retrospective file audit. Distinct harm groups, marked by the presence/absence of self- and/or other-harm, were investigated using multivariate linear regression modelling on the seriousness of violent acts and the total length of admission. Logistic regression analyses were used to study the association between harm groups and the administration of rapid tranquilisation, seclusion, and extended involuntary admissions.
Several harm groups were identified, including self-harm only, other-harm only, and dual-harm groups. Psychiatric patients admitted to the hospital because of (the risk of) violence towards others had a higher risk of violent incidents during admission and some restrictive measures. In a subgroup of patients with psychotic disorders, patients with dual harm committed the most serious violent incidents compared to those in the other harm groups.
Distinct harm groups were identified in a sample of involuntarily admitted patients. In a general adult psychiatric setting, patients at risk for violent behaviour, especially dual-harm patients, should be identified and monitored as part of the risk assessment. Future research is needed to explore more clinical correlates in the proposed distinction between harmful groups and to assess long-term prognosis.
•The dual-harm patients in this sample did not have higher rates of personality or psychotic disorders.•Other-harm-only patients were the most likely to receive rapid tranquilization in the ward.•In patients with psychotic disorders, screening for dual-harmful behaviours upon admission is advisable.•Future research is needed to explore additional clinical correlates in the proposed distinction between the harmful groups.
Air Pollution and Violent Criminal Behaviour Cruz, Erik; D’alessio, Stewart J; Stolzenberg, Lisa
British journal of criminology,
03/2022, Letnik:
62, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Abstract
This study advances the literature by examining the effect of carbon monoxide emissions on the degree of physical violence exhibited by a criminal offender during the commission of a ...criminal offense. A multilevel analysis is conducted to probe the relationship between carbon monoxide levels and whether a criminal offender physically injures his or her victim. The offender-level data are drawn from the National Incident-Based Reporting System and represent 139,709 single offender/single victim crime incidents for 109 cities in 22 states during 2015. Carbon monoxide concentration and city-level contextual control variables are drawn from other sources. Results show that while carbon monoxide emissions have little effect on the overall level of physical violence displayed by a criminal offender, both the offender’s race and sex moderate the relationship between air pollution and victim injury. As carbon monoxide levels rise in a city, both black and male offenders are more likely to injure their victims physically. We theorize that black and male offenders are more vulnerable to the violence-inducing effects of air pollution because of pronounced racial and sex differences in carbon monoxide exposure.
In Spain, 10.1 percent of jihadist terrorists were radicalised in prison. The objective of this paper is to elaborate on the analysis of the phenomenon of jihadist radicalisation in Spain's prisons ...by analysing the inmates linked to jihadist radicalisation who are included in groups A, B and C. The results show that the profile of the inmates linked to jihadist radicalisation has not undergone major changes, although a drop in age and an increase in the number of cases of Spanish nationality can be observed. When the inmates included in the three groups were compared at the time of the investigation (August 2019), it was found that they are of a similar age, that Spanish citizens are more common in group A, mental disorders are more common in group C and that both group B as well as C exhibit a more extensive criminal record and more admissions to prison. Important differences were found with regard to the behaviour in prison, namely that the inmates in group A are not individuals who repeatedly employ violence, while the inmates in group C exhibit a very pronounced antisocial profile, with frequent use of both verbal and physical violence in their day-to-day life in prison.
The article presents a report on empirical research on the issue of aggressive and violent behaviour of children towards parents against the background of family conditions, conducted in primary ...schools in Chelm, in the Lubelskie Voivodeship. This issue remains unsolved and requires reliable theoretical and methodological (re)interpretations. Family problems cannot be easily assessed in an objective manner. An obstacle in providing information about aggression and violence on the part of one's own children is usually the feeling of guilt experienced by the parents themselves. Dilemmas connected with the introduction of the young generation into the world of adults, with the education of children and young people, are one of the most important and difficult problems in social life. Quite often are we dealing with examples of helplessness of parents and educators in the face of pathological situations that take place in family and school environments, in peer groups, on the streets and housing estates of our cities.
This thesis explores the violent behaviour illustrated in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies. It focuses on the antagonist’s Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) in order to reveal the ...motives behind his violent behaviour. The writers apply psychoanalytical theory and brings in contemporary theories by experts in psychology in order to help better understand the psychological problems in the novel. The writers conclude that NPD and violent behaviour of the antagonist are ultimate interlinked.
Forensic outpatient treatment in Germany helps forensic patients back into society while managing the risk that these individuals present to public safety. Measures used to achieve this objective ...include ongoing psychiatric treatment and monitoring, case management, and controlling risk factors that may cause criminal behavior. In addition to the effects of treatment and control, good living conditions have been hypothesized to help prevent criminal recidivism and a number of studies have examined variables related to poor outcomes including recidivism among former prison inmates and sexual offenders. Yet, little is known about the predictive validity of certain candidate variables on the outcomes of German forensic outpatients.
In order to investigate variables that are likely to reduce the risk of unfavorable outcomes such as subsequent confinement or back-referral to inpatient treatment, we analyzed data from a forensic outpatient data project run by the federal state of Baden-Württemberg (Forensic outpatient documentation system). Based on data provided by six forensic treatment units throughout the federal state of Baden-Württemberg since 2015, we compared 61 forensic outpatients that had either regularly ended treatment (group one, n = 25), or were referred back to a forensic hospital or prison (group two, n = 36). Information on the patients' working, living, and financial situation as well as information on their social network and relationship status, was used. The predictive validity of these factors on treatment outcome was tested with a logistic regression model.
There were a number of
differences between the groups, but pro-social leisure activities in an outpatient environment and migration status were the only significant predictors of positive vs. negative outcome.
Implications of these findings are discussed.
PDF
