This study aimed to isolate, molecular identify, and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the three commercial types of household detergents; Persil (P), Arial (A), and Peros (Pe) in both forms of ...gel liquid and (Tate ) powder and antibiotics susceptibility test to assessed against isolates from used washing machines in Mosul city/ Iraq. A total of 46 bacterial isolates were isolated. Five isolates were designated as Kh-Am1, Kh-Am4 from the Drum part, Kh-Am3, Kh-Am6 from the Rubber door seal part and Kh-Am5 from Drain dictum; these isolates were selected for molecular identification by 16S rRNA. The 16S rRNA gene of Kh-Am1, Kh-Am3, Kh-Am4, Kh-Am5 and Kh-Am6. The disc agar diffusion method was adopted for each selected isolate using stock and diluted concentrations. After incubation at 37ₒC for 24 hours, inhibition of Aerea was recorded. The results showed that the powder and gel form detergent stock solution has more inhibitory efficacy for the assayed isolates than dilutions. Susceptibility to antibiotics assay revealed that almost all the selected isolates were resistant. Even though infectious strains were not found, opportunistic pathogens were detected. However, because many bacteria have been detected in wash water, washing items at home with it may result in microbial contamination.
Keywords: Washing machine bacteria, Washing machine environment, Detergents effect on bacteria, Antibiotic Susceptibility of washing machine bacteria.
Washing machines are used in the production lines of grain cleaning departments of flour mills for thorough cleaning of the grain surface, in particular, its grooves from the remnants of organic and ...mineral dust, microorganisms and mold. In addition, the grain mass during washing is cleaned of hydrodynamically light and heavy impurities - chaff, seeds of waste plants, straw fragments, mineral particles in the form of sand, small stones, lumps of earth, as well as spores and wormwood seeds. At the same time, foreign odors of grain disappear.Experience in the operation of Ж9-БМА machines shows that along with many advantages, they have some disadvantages. In particular, the productivity of the machine 10 t / h does not correspond to the productivity of the conjugated technological equipment of the production line, and the specific water consumption for washing grain is 1.8… 2.0 l / kg, which is too much in modern conditions of acute shortage of drinking water. Enterprises to abandon the use of washing machines. In addition, certain problems and inconveniences are caused by the design of the sieve shell of the impression column. Stamped sieves with scaly asymmetric holes have a low coefficient of living cross section, which complicates the process of dehydration of washed grain, quickly corrode and rub, require special attention during installation or replacement. Therefore, an attempt is made to eliminate these shortcomings.In particular, the reduction of water consumption is achieved due to the elimination of the grain hydraulic conveyor during its transfer from the washing bath to the pressure column. For this purpose, a device for mechanical overloading of grain by a rotary bucket device located within the alloy chamber is used. At the same time, attention was paid to the separation of light organic impurities from the grain. This decision needs further explanation.The functional diagram shows that the initial grain mixture enters the receiving device, which feeds it with a minimum vertical speed into the ascending water streams created by the screws of two grain augers rotating with the same frequency in the opposite direction. The augers pick up the grain and, keeping it afloat in a suspended state, mix it with the water of the washing bath. At the same time the grain is washed and particles are separated from it, which differ from it in terms of density: mineral impurities begin to sink, fall down and through the longitudinal slit in the auger trough fall into the area of the auger for mineral impurities. This auger transports the "stones" in the opposite direction to the funnel with the ejector of the hydrotransporter of mineral particles. Light impurities, during the transportation of grain by grain augers, float to the surface of the water, the level of which in the washing bath is maintained up to the axis of the augers. Together with grain and water, these impurities are pushed out of the bath into the alloy chamber.In the chamber, in the transverse direction, a pipe with a longitudinal absorption slot is installed, the lower edge of which is immersed in water so that the upper layer of water merges into this slot together with light impurities that have surfaced in the washing bath. The amount of water that fuses light impurities can be adjusted by the depth of immersion in water of the lower edge of the absorption hole. To do this, the pipe is rotated relative to its axis with a special handle with a clamp and a pointing scale. One end of the pipe is closed by a plug, and the other passes through a hole in the wall and drains the water with light impurities into the sink sump. The described device provides almost complete removal of light impurities and minimal consumption of floating water. This solution is in the invention according to the copyright certificate 701708404, developed by specialists of the department TOZV. In addition, certain problems and inconveniences are caused by the design of the sieve shell of the squeezing column. Dirt particles tend to stick to the outer surface of the sieve cylinder and block its holes. This can slow down and even stop the separation of water by centrifugation. Therefore, the upper outer surface of the cylinder is washed with water, which in automatic mode is periodically fed to the sieve by the control device and the solenoid valve. It also saves water.
In this paper, improvement of torque quality and magnetic losses of a concentrated winding high-speed permanent magnet (PM)-assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PMaSRM) that can operate in the wide ...speed range are investigated. Optimization studies have been carried out to enhance the torque quality. In addition, ac copper losses in the stator coils and iron losses in laminations at high frequencies have been investigated. Since the PMaSRM can operate in a wide constant power-speed range, the field weakening performance has also been investigated. The motor performance results of the PMaSRM at both no-load and on-load conditions are examined by using Flux 2-D FEA software. A prototype motor based on the simulations has been built and validated in order to show the feasibility of such technology for white good applications.
Electrically conducting fibers and yarns are critical components of future wearable electronic textile (e-textile) devices such as sensors, antennae, information processors, and energy harvesters. To ...achieve reliable wearable devices, the development of robust yarns with a high conductivity as well as excellent washability is urgently needed. In the present study, highly conductive and machine-washable silk yarns were developed utilizing an Ag nanowire and PEDOT:PSS composite coating. Ag nanowires were coated on the silk yarn via a dip-coating process, followed by coating with the conjugated polymer:polyelectrolyte complex PEDOT:PSS. The PEDOT:PSS covered the Ag nanowire layers while electrostatically binding to the silk, which significantly improved the robustness of the yarn as compared with the Ag nanowire-coated reference yarns. The fabricated conductive silk yarns had an excellent bulk conductivity of up to ~320 S/cm, which is largely retained even after several cycles of machine washing. To demonstrate that these yarns can be incorporated into e-textiles, the conductive yarns were used to construct an all-textile out-of-plane thermoelectric device, as well as a Joule heating element in a woven heating fabric.
Summary
Although laundering should mainly remove stains and dirt from used and worn textiles, the elimination of microbial contamination is an important aim of the laundry process as well. While ...industrial and institutional laundering employs standardized processes using high temperatures (i.e. 60°C and above) and bleaching agents to ensure a sufficient hygienic reconditioning of textiles, domestic laundering processes are less defined and not always led by purposeful aims. The strive for energy efficiency of household appliances has resulted in a decrease in washing temperatures in Europe during the last decades and convenience aspects led to an increased use of liquid detergents that do not contain bleach which in turn impacts the antimicrobial efficacy of domestic laundering. This review compiles the different factors that influence the input and removal of micro‐organisms in the laundering process and discusses the possible adverse effects of microbial contaminants in the washing machine and on the textiles as well as suitable counteractions.
Although clothes washing machines remove dirt, microorganisms are not reliably removed by modern cold-water machine-washing practices. Microbial bioburden on clothing originates from the wearer’s ...skin, the environment (indoor and outdoor), and the washing machine itself. While most clothing microbes are commensals, microbes causing odors and opportunistic pathogens may also be present. Understanding the extent of microbial transfer from washing machines to clothes may inform strategies for odor control and for mitigating the transmission of microbes through the laundering process. This study was designed to quantify and identify bacteria/fungi transferred from laundromat machines to sentinel cotton washcloths under standard cold-water conditions. Bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS sequencing enabled identification of microorganisms in the washcloths following laundering. Total plate-based enumeration of viable microorganisms also was performed, using growth media appropriate for bacteria and fungi. Opportunistic human bacterial pathogens, including Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp., were recovered. The fungal bioburden was ~two-fold lower than the bacterial bioburden. Most sequences recovered were assigned to non-pathogenic fungi, such as those from genera Malassezia and Ascomycota. These results suggest that public washing machines represent a source of non-pathogenic and pathogenic microbial contamination of laundered garments.
A washing machine is a household appliance that has an interesting and complex dynamical behavior, which can be well described by a set of nonlinear differential equations. When analyzing the ...dynamics of a washing machine, the steady state motion (periodic solution) is an important response to consider and can be evaluated as a solution of a periodic boundary-value problem. The unbalance generated by the unevenly distribution of clothes during centrifugation is highly random and, therefore, a stochastic model is necessary to take this characteristic into account. The novelty of this paper consists in the analysis of a washing machine dynamics considering the uncertainty in the unbalance. Therefore, a stochastic model is proposed for the dynamics of a washing machine. The steady state solutions are calculated using the shooting method combined with a sequential continuation to evaluate it across all the spin speeds of the machine. The probability distributions of the washing machine vibration at those different spin speeds are approximated using Monte Carlo simulations. The impact of the random unbalance in the vibration amplitude of the washing machine is also investigated and consists in a key input for the fatigue design of many components.
Smart touch-sensitive screens provide a wide range of possibilities. Compared with static icons, animated icons should be effective in terms of narrative function learning and visual pleasure to ...provide a good interactive experience. The purpose of this study was to explore the affordance of animated visual cues for the interface design of smart washing machines. A <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">2\times3 </tex-math></inline-formula> mixed factorial design was planned to help explore whether different affordance states and operation modes may affect users' task performance and subjective evaluation. Adopting the convenience sampling method, 24 participants were recruited to take part in the experiment. The experimental data were collected pertinent to task performance using the system usability scale (SUS) and a 7-point Likert scale of subjective evaluation, as well as semi-structured interviews. The generated results revealed that: (1) There was a significant difference in the affordance states. Animated icons significantly affect the heuristic processing of the smart washing machine interface, and enhance the usefulness of icons, which helps improve operational efficiency. (2) There were significant differences among different operation modes. The Square type interface combines the modern smart mode and traditional learning performance to help users improve task performance. (3) The overall analysis of task performance and satisfaction consistently showed that the Square type is better than the Circle and Mesh types in all aspects, and the animated affordance had the best task performance. (4) A smart user interface design should combine user experience and touch-sensitive screen product characteristics to help improve users' affordance perception.
The demand for vegetable consumption is essential issue to serve citizens. Excessive protective chemical elimination which is applied advanced solutions brings high effects being investigated by ...domestic and international scientists. In this report, research team conducted and designed the vegetable washing machine integrated with the ultrasonic power and Ozone microbubbles to wash out plentiful protective chemicals attaching to surfaces of leafy vegetables. Followingly, using Taguchi method for four kinds of vegetables including salad, water spinach, Chinese cabbage, and mustard greens verifies the effectiveness of solutions. Vegetable samples are treated soaking pool making ultrasonic wave and Ozone microbubbles raging from 1.0ppm to 2.0ppm. The practical results demonstrated that the method using the ultrasonic power and Ozone microbubbles has high effects on eradicating protective chemical on leafy vegetables.
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