An important objective of researchers is to develop a perfect wound dressing that can effectively treat different kinds of wounds. Natural substances with beneficial qualities, such as plant extracts ...and biopolymers are an ideal aid for wound care. Hydrogels based on biopolymers offer a lot of promising applications for topical use and are biocompatible, hydrophilic and non-toxic. When employed alone or in conjunction with other active agents, herbal extracts have a great deal of use in the healing of wounds. This study comprises Ruellia tuberosa extract loaded with carboxymethyl cellulose and guar gum hydrogels that have potential anti-bacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hemocompatibility. Using mouse fibroblast cells (L929), the MTT (3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test was conducted to assess the biocompatibility. Furthermore, the scratch wound assay using the L929 fibroblast cell line of mouse was employed to assess the in vitro wound healing potential of the synthesised composite hydrogels.
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Preparing wound dressing with dual-delivery of antioxidant and antibacterial agents is highly desirable in clinical wound treatment. Herein, a series of coaxial nanofiber membranes ...loaded with antioxidant tea polyphenols (TP) in the core and antibacterial ε-poly (L-lysine) (ε-PL) in the shell layer were successfully fabricated by coaxial electrospinning. The physicochemical characterizations by transmission electron microscopy, inverted fluorescence microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the formation of core-shell structure. The results of in vitro drug release indicated that ε-PL exhibited a fast release profile while TP released in a sustained manner, which is favorable to the achievement of quick bacteria inhibition in the initial phase as well as long-term antioxidant activity during wound healing. The antioxidant activity of coaxial nanofibers was found to be increased with the increment of TP content and incubation time. The antibacterial assays against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated that the incorporation of ε-PL in the coaxial nanofibers led to strong antibacterial activity. Additionally, all the coaxial nanofibers possessed good cytocompatibility. Therefore, the prepared coaxial nanofibers simultaneously incorporated with ε-PL and TP are promising as potential wound dressing materials.
In the performed study, a novel fabrication of agar-based nanofibers was electrospun in an asymmetric bilayer dressing for biomedical transdermal patches. The optimal parameters for the fabrication ...of agar-based nanofibers after optimization were a feed rate of 10 μL/min, a 7 cm collector-to-nozzle distance, a 15 kV applied voltage, and a 700-rpm rotating collector speed. Coaxial nanofibers, as a second asymmetric layer, were produced using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with cephalexin hydrate, an antibacterial drug, as the core and agar-PCL as the sheath. The morphology of the developed uniaxial and coaxial nanofibrous layers was analysed using a scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. For the formation of bilayer asymmetric structures, the agar-PCL uniaxial layer was fabricated over the layer of coaxial PVA and agar-PCL layers for sustained drug release. The agar-based nanofibrous mats exhibited tensile strength of 7 MPa with 40 % elongation failure, 8-fold increased swelling, enhanced wettability (60° contact angle), and a moisture transmission rate of 2174 g/m2/day. The developed coaxial bilayer mats exhibited antimicrobial activity, hemocompatibility, and cytocompatibility. Overall, this novel agar nanofibrous dressing offers promising potential for advanced biomedical applications, particularly as transdermal patches for efficient drug delivery systems.
Wound with drug‐resistant bacterial infections has become a serious challenge for the healthcare system, and designing wound dressing to self‐adapt to the need of different stage of wound healing ...remains challenging. Herein, self‐adaptive wound dressings with multiple stimuli‐responsiveness and antibacterial activity are developed. Specifically, MoS2 carrying a reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsive nitric oxide (NO) release precursor L‐arginine (MSPA) is designed and incorporated into carboxymethyl chitosan/poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) based cryogels (CMCS/PNIPAM) with multiple responsiveness (pH, near infrared (NIR), and temperature) to form self‐adaptive antibacterial cryogels that adapt to the therapeutic needs of different stages in infected wound healing. In response to the slightly acidic environment of bacterial infection, the cryogels assist the bacterial capture capacity through acid‐triggered protonation behavior, and effectively enhance the photodynamic antibacterial efficiency. Controllable on‐demand delivery of ROS, NO, and remote management of infected biofluid are achieved with NIR light as a trigger switch. The multiple stimuli‐responsive nanozyme‐based cryogels efficiently eliminate MRSA bacterial biofilm through NO assisted photodynamicand photothermal therapy (PDT&PTT). The multiple enzyme‐like activities of the cryogels effectively relieved oxidative damage. Notably, these cryogels effectively reduce wound infection, alleviated oxidative stress, and accelerate collagen deposition and angiogenesis in infected wounds, indicating that multiple stimuli‐responsive self‐adaptive wound dressings provide new ideas for infected wound treatment.
Self‐adaptive wound dressings are proposed and designed based on MoS2 carrying a reactive oxygen species‐responsive NO release precursor L‐arginine and carboxymethyl chitosan/poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) based cryogels. These self‐adaptive wound dressings with multiple stimuli‐responsiveness and NO assisted photodynamicand photothermal antibacterial activity can meet the need of different stage of wound healing and offer new approach for infected wound treatment.
•Chitosan is one of the most promising biopolymers applied in wound dressings.•Different methods are used for production chitosan-based wound dressing systems.•Plants are the primary source of active ...secondary metabolites.•The bioactive metabolites can effect in at least one phase of the healing process.
Wound healing can lead to complex clinical problems, hence finding an efficient approach to enhance the healing process is necessary. An ideal wound dressing should treat wounds at reasonable costs, with minimal inconveniences for the patient. Chitosan is one of the most investigated biopolymers for wound healing applications due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and antimicrobial activity. Moreover, chitosan and its derivative have attracted numerous attentions because of the accelerating wound healing, and easy processability into different forms (gels, foams, membranes, and beads). All these properties make chitosan-based materials particularly versatile and promising for wound dressings. Besides, secondary natural metabolites could potentially act like the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents and accelerate the healing process. This review collected almost all studies regarding natural compounds applications in wound healing by focusing on the chitosan-based bioactive wound dressing systems. An accurate analysis of different chitosan formulations and the influence of bioactive compounds on their wound healing properties are reported.
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Dressings should protect wounds, promote healing, absorb fluids, and maintain moisture. Bacterial cellulose is a biopolymer that stands out in biomaterials due to its high ...biocompatibility in several applications. In the area of dressings, it is already marketed as an alternative to traditional dressings. However, it lacks any intrinsic activity; among these, the need for antimicrobial activity in infected wounds stands out. We developed a cationic cellulose film by modifying cellulose with 1-(5-carboxypentyl)pyridin-1-ium bromide, enhancing its wettability (contact angle: 26.6°) and water retention capacity (2714.37 %). This modified film effectively retained oxacillin compared to the unmodified control. Liposomal encapsulation further prolonged oxacillin release up to 11 days. Both oxacillin-loaded films and liposomal formulations demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Our findings demonstrate the potential of chemically modified cellulose as a platform for controlled anionic antibiotics and/or their formulations delivery in wound care.
•The hydrogel exhibits antibacterial, hemostatic and adhesive properties.•The hydrogel dressing monitors the wound pH in real-time through colorimetry.•The whole intelligent wound monitoring process ...mainly include three parts.•A combination of multifunctional hydrogel dressing and machine learning technology.
Chronic wound remains a significant challenge in clinical care due to the long treatment process and the poor quality of tissue regeneration affected by bacterial infection, calling timely and effective wound management approach to achieve real-time intelligent wound monitoring and promote wound healing. In this work, a multifunctional hydrogel is employed as wound dressing for intelligent wound monitoring, which not only have the functions of antibacterial, hemostatic and adhesive properties for effectively promoting wound healing, but also can realize real-time wound status monitoring (e.g., pH). The whole intelligent wound monitoring process mainly includes three parts: wound recognition, real-time status monitoring and personalized wound management. Among them, the customized hydrogel wound dressing can accurately match the contour of the wound for precise treatment. Moreover, the personalized wound management model with high accuracy (94.47%) based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) machine learning algorithm can analyze and evaluate the wound healing and infection status through the colorimetric signal of the hydrogel dressing. This multifunctional hydrogel wound dressing, which integrates precise treatment, real-time monitoring and personalized management for intelligent wound monitoring, provides an advanced solution to accelerate wound healing and reduce bacterial infections and plays an inestimable step for future intelligent wound management.
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•This review aims to present the importance of sodium alginate-based materials in wound dressing applications.•Presently available forms of the alginate-based biomaterials are ...discussed.•Future perspectives are suggested, based on the topic’s relevance.
Alginate biopolymer has been used in the design and development of several wound dressing materials in order to improve the efficiency of wound healing. Mainly, alginate improves the hydrophilic nature of wound dressing materials in order to create the required moist wound environment, remove wound exudate and increase the speed of skin recovery of the wound. In addition, alginate can easily cross-link with other organic and inorganic materials and they can promote wound healing in clinical applications. This review article addresses the importance of alginates and the roles of derivative polymeric materials in wound dressing biomaterials. Additionally, studies on recent alginate-based wound dressing materials are discussed.
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•Nanofibrous wound dressing with comparable mechanical property to soft tissue was designed.•The dressing showed good electroactivity and anti-oxidant ability.•The dressing exhibited ...good biocompatibility and effective antibacterial activity.•The dressing significantly accelerated the healing process of full-thickness skin wound.
Developing a novel nanofibrous wound dressing with multi-functional properties, integrating suitable mechanical property, electroactivity, anti-oxidant and inherent antibacterial activity to promote wound healing process is urgently desired, which could meet the increasing requirements of clinical needs. Herein, a series of antibacterial, anti-oxidant and electroactive nanofibrous membranes were fabricated by electrospinning poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and quaternized chitosan-graft-polyaniline (QCSP) polymer solutions which combined the good mechanical property of PCL and multi-functionality of QCSP. The nanofibrous wound dressings exhibited electroactivity, similar mechanical properties to soft tissue, free radical scavenging capacity, antibacterial property, and biocompatibility. In particular, PCL/QCSP15 (15 wt% of QCSP in the sample) showed a good balanced ability between antibacterial activity and cell proliferation, which significantly accelerated the healing process of wound in a mouse full-thickness wounds defect model than commercial dressing (Tegaderm™ Film) and pure PCL (PCL/QCSP0) nanofibrous membrane. Moreover, the histopathological examination and immunofluorescence staining showed that the wounds treated by PCL/QCSP15 nanofiber dressing exhibited higher collagen deposition, granulation tissue thickness, and more angiogenesis. In one word, these antibacterial, anti-oxidant, electroactivity nanofibrous membranes showed promising applications for full-thickness skin repair.
Since ancient times, wound dressings have experienced many significant improvements. Evolution began using natural materials to merely cover wounds and advanced to used innovative techniques that can ...be customized to perform different impressive functions. Recent wound dressings, which are made of electrospun polymers, contain different active compounds, such as antimicrobial agents, that aid in wound healing and prevent dehydration and infection. The mentioned issues may influence the healing process, leading even to serious health risks for the patients. As a result, scientists are now working on novel wound bandages with improved antimicrobial properties. Electrospun polymeric nanofibers, because of their structural similarities to normal skin's extracellular matrix (ECM), bactericidal activity, and appropriateness to distribute bioactive molecules to the wound location, are regarded as good resources for enhancing skin regeneration and controlling wound infection. Herein, the latest findings on approaches for producing antimicrobial polymeric nanofibers using electrospinning and related processes are discussed. Recent advances in antibacterial biopolymeric nanofibers incorporating antimicrobial nanoparticles (silver, zinc oxide, copper oxide, etc.) are discussed. This review paper may raise significant issues, encourage additional research, and offer important insight into the potential area of antibacterial polymeric fibers.
Herein, the latest findings on approaches for producing biopolymeric nanofibers incorporating antimicrobial nanoparticles (silver, zinc oxide, copper oxide, etc.) and the primary mechanism of microbial attachment to the biopolymeric and composite fibers are evaluated in detail. This review paper may raise significant issues, and offer important insight into the potential area of antibacterial polymeric fibers.
