Chubb Ltd Sarah E DeWitt, CFA
J.P. Morgan Equities Research Reports,
11/2017
Report
CB announced preliminary fourth quarter catastrophe loss estimates of $320mn pre-tax or $249mn after-tax (less than 1% of book value) from California wildfires and other natural catastrophes, net of ...reinsurance recoveries, which is mostly in line with investor expectations. We reduce our 4Q17 EPS...
Living epidermal cells undergoing a hypersensitive response to penetration by a rust or a powdery mildew fungus exhibited two distinct patterns of cellular changes that occurred from the time of the ...cessation of cytoplasmic streaming to protoplast collapse. In nonhost cells, this death process was completed in less than 1 h, trans-vacuolar strands initially remained visible after streaming stopped, Brownian-like motion was seen in particulate cytoplasmic components, and the plant nucleus was usually associated with the intracellular fungus. In resistant host cells, trans-vacuolar strands disappeared as cytoplasmic streaming stopped, no motion was seen in the cytoplasm, there was no consistent association of the plant nucleus with the fungus, and the death process took 2 h or more. Neither type of cell death was mimicked by the application of CuCl
2, salicylic acid, or KCN, nor did the individually distinctive morphological features of the cell deaths that they triggered change with chemical concentration. Pharmacological studies suggested that host and nonhost cell death required an influx of extracellular calcium, protein kinase activity and protein synthesis, but not the generation of extracellular reactive oxygen species. The application of peptides with an RGD motif delayed cell death in only one resistant host, and inhibitors of caspase activity delayed cell death only in the nonhost combinations. These and other results suggest that some rust- and powdery mildew-specific resistance genes in host cultivars may control a different cell dismantling process during the hypersensitive response than that triggered in nonhost plants.
