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  • Hord, Benjamin J; Colón, Knicole D; Berger, Travis A; Kostov, Veselin; Silverstein, Michele L; Stassun, Keivan G; Lissauer, Jack J; Collins, Karen A; Schwarz, Richard P; Sefako, Ramotholo; Ziegler, Carl; Briceño, César; Law, Nicholas; Mann, Andrew W; Ricker, George R; Latham, David W; Seager, Sara; Winn, Joshua N; Jenkins, Jon M; Bouma, Luke G; Falk, Ben; Torres, Guillermo; Twicken, Joseph D; Vanderburg, Andrew

    arXiv.org, 05/2022
    Paper, Journal Article

    Hot Jupiters are generally observed to lack close planetary companions, a trend that has been interpreted as evidence for high-eccentricity migration. We present the discovery and validation of WASP-132 c (TOI-822.02), a 1.85 \(\pm\) 0.10 \(R_{\oplus}\) planet on a 1.01 day orbit interior to the hot Jupiter WASP-132 b. Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and ground-based follow-up observations, in conjunction with vetting and validation analysis, enable us to rule out common astrophysical false positives and validate the observed transit signal produced by WASP-132 c as a planet. Running the validation tools \texttt{vespa} and \texttt{triceratops} on this signal yield false positive probabilities of \(9.02 \times 10^{-5}\) and 0.0107, respectively. Analysis of archival CORALIE radial velocity data leads to a 3\(\sigma\) upper limit of 28.23 ms\(^{-1}\) on the amplitude of any 1.01-day signal, corresponding to a 3\(\sigma\) upper mass limit of 37.35 \(M_{\oplus}\). Dynamical simulations reveal that the system is stable within the 3\(\sigma\) uncertainties on planetary and orbital parameters for timescales of \(\sim\)100 Myr. The existence of a planetary companion near the hot Jupiter WASP-132 b makes the giant planet's formation and evolution via high-eccentricity migration highly unlikely. Being one of just a handful of nearby planetary companions to hot Jupiters, WASP-132 c carries with it significant implications for the formation of the system and hot Jupiters as a population.