In an international research climate of increasingly demanding ethical review, based on a biomedical model, reflection on best practices in social, behavioural and economic science research is necessary. It is widely believed that these sciences cannot be held to the same practical requirements as biomedical research, although the principles of ethical research are surely universal. This manuscript considers the ethical requirements, principles and guidelines directing research in the social, behavioural and economic sciences, available in the national and international arena. By means of a systematic review of available best practices, it is anticipated that general guidelines for social, behavioural and economic science research could be developed and suggested to researchers in these fields. Specific consideration is given to the unique characteristics of social, behavioural and economic science research.