Microwave absorbers with layered structures that can provide abundant interfaces are highly desirable for enhancing electromagnetic absorbing capability and decreasing the thickness. The atomically thin layers of two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal carbides (MXenes) make them a convenient precursor for synthesis of other 2D and layered structures. Here, laminated carbon/TiO2 hybrid materials composed of well-aligned 2D carbon sheets with embedded TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized and showed excellent microwave absorption. Disordered 2D carbon layers with an unusual structure were obtained by annealing multilayer Ti3C2 MXene in a CO2 atmosphere. The minimum reflection coefficient of laminated carbon/TiO2 composites reaches −36 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth ranges from 3.6 to 18 GHz with the tunable thickness from 1.7 to 5 mm. The effective absorption bandwidth covers the whole Ku band (12.4–18 GHz) when the thickness of carbon/TiO2/paraffin composite is 1.7 mm. This study is expected to pave the way to the synthesis of carbon-supported absorbing materials using a large family of 2D carbides.