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  • Climatology of icing condit...
    Chicaeme‐Ordoñez, Kevin; Baquero‐Bernal, Astrid; Mejía, John F.

    International journal of climatology, 15 March 2024, Letnik: 44, Številka: 3
    Journal Article

    This study shows vertical profiles and spatial distribution of upper‐air icing frequency over the tropical Americas. We estimated the in‐flight icing (IFI) over Colombia using the Current Icing Product‐sonde‐A algorithm over two data sets: (1) vertical soundings of temperature and relative humidity and surface station data taken at 12 Coordinated Universal Time or UTC (07 Local Time or LT) on five sites and (2) ERA5 at 00, 06, 12 and 18 UTC (19, 01, 07 and 13 LT). In either case, icing was defined for IFI values exceeding 0.01. Results show that icing tends to occur between 550 and 300 hPa (4.5 and 8.6 km altitude), with a maximum at 500–550 hPa and monotonically decreasing to zero until reaching 300 hPa. Aeronautic reports were used to evaluate the total column IFI and a layer‐based IFI detection with a probability of detection of 87% and 71%, respectively. The annual cycle of IFI is modulated by the meridional migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) with a bimodal distribution with peaks during the rainiest seasons. Spatially, IFI hotspots are found in the Pacific, the Andes Mountains and the Amazonia regions of Colombia; the northern Colombia Caribbean region show lower IFI frequency with a relative maximum collocated over the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountains. The IFI exhibits a strong diurnal cycle with a high between night‐time to early morning and a low around noon. We estimated the in‐flight icing (IFI) using the Current Icing Product ‐sonde‐A algorithm. High IFI frequency hotspots are found in the Pacific, the Andes Mountains and the Amazon regions of Colombia. The annual cycle of IFI frequencies over Colombia (part of tropical Americas) is modulated by the meridional migration of the ITCZ, which favours a bimodal distribution of highs coinciding with that of the rainy seasons. The IFI frequencies exhibit a strong diurnal cycle with high between night‐time to early morning and a low around noon.