A comprehensive study of dispersed Early Carboniferous seeds has been carried out to test the possibilities of using chemosystematics for Paleozoic fossils. This has involved their morphology; the ultrastructure of ion thinned sections and their material. The results of analysis of the FTIR and EPR spectra indicate that the key structural unit of the substance is the phenyl propane structure. The presence of relict lignin ( p ‑coumaric type) was established by structural-chemical analysis using pyrolytic chromatomass-spectrometry. Lignins of this type are unknown in modern plants. The concentration of phenoxyl radicals is 2–3 orders of magnitude higher in the samples than in modern lignins.