Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of functional porous three-dimensional framework materials exhibiting unique chemical properties. Owing to the multifunctional nature of MOFs including their electroactive functionality and structural porosity, significant progress has been achieved in the advancement of MOF-based electrochemical sensors. This review focuses on innovations over the past decade in electrochemical sensor systems based on MOFs and their composites. The relationships between the electrode construction strategies and sensing performance are discussed, in addition to shortcomings and limitations in the applications of these sensors. On this basis, we discuss the future scope and propose further directions for MOF-based electrochemical sensors.