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Kopec, Rachel E; Riedl, Ken M; Harrison, Earl H; Curley, Robert W; Hruszkewycz, Damian P; Clinton, Steven K; Schwartz, Steven J
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 03/2010, Letnik: 58, Številka: 6Journal Article
Research has suggested that lycopene may be metabolized by eccentric cleavage, catalyzed by β-carotene oxygenase 2, resulting in the generation of apo-lycopenals. Apo-6′-lycopenal and apo-8′-lycopenal have been reported previously in raw tomato. We now show that several other apo-lycopenals are also present in raw and processed foods, as well as in human plasma. Apo-lycopenal standards were prepared by in vitro oxidation of lycopene, and a high-performance liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization in negative mode was developed to separate and detect the apo-6′-, apo-8′-, apo-10′-, apo-12′-, apo-14′-, and apo-15′-lycopenal products formed in the reaction. Hexane/acetone extracts of raw tomato, red grapefruit, watermelon, and processed tomato products were analyzed, as well as plasma of individuals who had consumed tomato juice for 8 weeks. Apo-6′-, apo-8′-, apo-10′-, apo-12′-, and apo-14′-lycopenals were detected and quantified in all food products tested, as well as plasma. The sum of apo-lycopenals was 6.5 μg/100 g Roma tomato, 73.4 μg/100 g tomato paste, and 1.9 nmol/L plasma. We conclude that several apo-lycopenals, in addition to apo-6′- and -8′-lycopenal, are present in lycopene-containing foods. In addition, the presence of apo-lycopenals in plasma may derive from the absorption of apo-lycopenals directly from food and/or human metabolism.
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in: SICRIS
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