To explore predictors of overall survival (OS) in Chinese patients with polycythemia vera (PV) . A total of 906 consecutive newly diagnosed patients with PV seen at the Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, from June 2007 to February 2020 were included, and their data were collected. PV was diagnosed according to 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic definitions. OS and prognostic factors were retrospectively analyzed. Among the 906 patients, 439 were male (48.5%) and 467 were female (51.5%) . The median age was 57 years (range: 18-91 years) . 31.6% (276/874) of the patients had a thrombosis history at diagnosis, and 4.6% (25/541) of the patients had abnormal cytogenetics. The median follow-up was 54 months (95% confidence interval 8-130 months) . The 5- and 10-year cumulative deaths were 5.8% (95% 4.8%-6.7%) and 11.1% (95% 9.3%-12.9%) , respectively. Univariate analysis showed that age ≥60 years, thrombosis history, white blood cells (WBC) ≥15×10(9)/L, platelet (PLT) ≥45