United States (U.S.)-Japan Cooperative Medical Science Program (USJCMSP) was inaugurated in 1965 for the research of Asian countries, and Leprosy Panel was established in 1966. The Joint Panel consisted of 10 members, 5 from U.S. and 5 from Japan. Annual Panel & Research meetings took place in each country alternately. This system worked quite well as a team meeting for the development of basic leprosy research. Successful inoculation of Mycobacterium leprae to nude mouse and Mycobacterium leprae-specific phenolic glycolipid I were some examples. Many Japanese leprosy researchers could grow by USJCMSP. In 1996, Leprosy Panel was amalgamated with Tuberculosis Panel, and renamed to Mycobacterial Diseases Panel in 2016. A complete table of USJCMSP leprosy and leprosy/tuberculosis meetings is shown.