The starting point for this book was the puzzling existence of an independent nuclear safety regulator in Japan, the Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA), which was able to withstand pressure to return to pre-3.11 business as usual. The analysis of Japan’s regulatory reforms has shown that the addition of an independent nuclear safety regulator has fundamentally altered nuclear safety gov­ernance in Japan and, by extension, nuclear power politics. Regulation, including safety, has become ubiquitous in modern societies. It applies to everything from everyday items, such as kitchen appliances, to more complex technologies that come with many promises and potential pitfalls, such