According to the American Geriatric Society (AGS), PIMs are medications that impose a risk of adverse effects outweighing their benefits, especially when equally effective and safer treatment alternatives are available 14. The prevalence of patients with PIMs varies significantly depending on the criteria used, population, healthcare setting, and country of study. ...the population presenting in memory clinics differs significantly from other healthcare settings due to the specialized focus on cognitive health, memory disorders, and the unique needs of individuals with CI and their caregivers. The multidisciplinary approach, comprehensive assessments, and tailored interventions in memory clinics make them uniquely suited to address the complexities of memory-related conditions. ...it is pertinent to explore the prevalence of PIMs, polypharmacy, and hyper-polypharmacy among older adults with dementia or CI attending memory clinics in different healthcare settings to ensure patient safety, optimization of medication management, and the enhancement of the quality of care for individuals with CIs. Most frequently prescribed PIM in older adults with dementia or CI attending memory clinics Additional outcomes Quality of life, incidence of mortality, cost of PIM, falls, hospital admission, adverse events Study design Cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, observational studies,