The papers in this special issue highlight the richness of non-telecom applications of optical fibers. Optical fibers have been used for decades as a medium for the delivery of information. Fibers transmit light, images, data; with applications in the military, commercial, and scientific fields. However, recent advances in the areas of illumination (light delivery and generation) and imaging using optical fibers has fueled a significant level of research activities in this area. The range of applications can be very broad related encompassing to the medical, sensing, and consumer applications. This Special Issue includes a combination of original and invited papers covering a wide range of topics, including, medical applications of fibers, fiber-based light sources and delivery systems, and imaging.