Themes of gender have been relatively absent in Polish ethnography and ethnology, despite the fact that from the very beginning the discipline enticed many women. Of the first generation of researchers, only Regina Lilientalowa in her studies of Jewish folklore reflected on gender issues. Later it was Maria Czaplicka and Józef Obrębski, who were more concerned with these problems on a theoretical level – both were influenced by the British social anthropology with its sociological bias, while Polish ethnography focused mostly on material culture and folklore, thus gender problems were unimportant. After the Second World War women occupied many important positions in academic ethnography, but this did not mean a more gendered perspective, which can be explained by the theoretical weakness of Polish ethnography at the time and the specificity of Polish emancipation, which was rather practised than reflected upon. It is only recently that young researchers focus on the problems of gender and sexuality, often inventing original ideas and theories. Unfortunately, mainstream Polish ethnology is still to some extent gender blind.