•The current status of UHI mitigation studies in Toronto are reviewed.•Three locations in Toronto are selected for the environmental simulation.•The effects of cool pavement, cool roof and urban vegetation on UHI are discussed.•UHI mitigation strategies are simulated and discussed in both summer and winter.•The results support new policies for sustainable urban development in Toronto. Increasing awareness of the urban heat island (UHI) effect has raised attention about the outdoor thermal comfort in cities worldwide. Several studies in the last decades have revealed how critical the UHI effect can be in a cold climate, such as in Canadian cities. As a result, in Toronto, one of the cities experiencing the highest rate of building development in developed countries, UHI mitigation strategies are currently the object of extensive debates. This study evaluates different UHI mitigation strategies in different urban neighbors of Toronto, selected according to their building density. The effects of cool surfaces (on the roofs, on the street pavements or as vegetation areas) are evaluated through numerical simulations using the software ENVI-met. Having obtained the surface temperature, outdoor air temperature, mean radiant temperature, and physiologically equivalent temperature, this study compares the possible mitigation of net surface radiation and thermal radiative power. The results demonstrate that the duration of direct sun and the mean radiant temperature, which are strongly influenced by the urban form, play a significant role in urban thermal comfort. Finally, this research supports new policies for promoting sustainable urban development in Toronto, and suggests design strategies for a more resilient urban planning.