Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy on semiconductors has attracted increasing attention due to its high spectral reproducibility and unique selectively to target molecules. Recently, endeavors have been made in fabricating novel SERS‐active semiconductor substrates and exploring new enhancement mechanisms to improve the sensitivity of semiconductor substrates. This Minireview explains the enhancement mechanism of the semiconductor SERS effect in a brief tutorial and summarize recent developments of novel semiconductor substrates, in particular with regard to the remarkable SERS activity of amorphous semiconductor nanomaterials. Potential applications of semiconductor SERS are also a key issue of concern. We discuss a variety of promising applications of semiconductor SERS in the fields of in situ analytical chemistry, spectroelectrochemical analysis, biological sensing, and trace detection. Amorphous and active: This Minireview explains the enhancement mechanism of the semiconductor SERS effect (SERS=surface‐enhanced Raman scattering) and summarizes recent developments in novel semiconductor substrates with a focus on the remarkable SERS activity of amorphous semiconductor nanomaterials. The variety of promising applications of semiconductor SERS is also discussed.