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Steinmetz, Jaimie D; Abrha, Woldu Aberhe; Abualhasan, Ahmed; Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Girum; Ahmadieh, Hamid; Alfaar, Ahmed Samir; Alipour, Vahid; Arabloo, Jalal; Aregawi, Brhane Berhe; Arrigo, Alessandro; Atnafu, Desta Debalkie; Baig, Atif Amin Winfried; Bärnighausen, Till Winfried; Battaglia Parodi, Maurizio; Beheshti, Mahya Srikanth; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bhattacharyya, Krittika; Bottone, Michele; Braithwaite, Tasanee M; Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath A; Butt, Zahid A; Casson, Robert James; Cheng, Ching-Yu Jasmine; Cicinelli, Maria Vittoria M; Congdon, Nathan G A; Cromwell, Elizabeth A M; Dahlawi, Saad M; Dana, Reza; Del Monte, Monte A; Derbew Molla, Meseret; Dervenis, Nikolaos Alemayehu; Djalalinia, Shirin E; Emamian, Mohammad Hassan; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Farzadfar, Farshad G; Fischer, Florian S; Friedman, David S M; Furtado, João M; Gaidhane, Shilpa; George, Ronnie; Ghashghaee, Ahmad; Hamidi, Samer Randall; Hammond, Billy Randall R; Hartnett, Mary Elizabeth R Kusuma; Hartono, Risky Kusuma; Hashi, Abdiwahab I; Hay, Simon I; Heidari, Golnaz; Ho, Hung Chak; Huang, John J Emmanuel; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel M; Ilic, Irena M D; Kempen, John H; Khairallah, Moncef; Khalilov, Rovshan Ahmad; Kim, Yun Jin; Kosen, Soewarta; Kurmi, Om P; Landires, Iván Charles; Lansingh, Van Charles L; Leasher, Janet L E; Limburg, Hans; Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael M; Miller, Ted R; Mohammad, Yousef; Mohammadi, Seyed Farzad Abdu; Moni, Mohammad Ali Al; Mulaw, Getahun Fentaw C; Naimzada, Mukhammad David; Nangia, Vinay; Negash, Hadush Lan; Nguyen, Huong Lan; Onwujekwe, Obinna E; Pakshir, Keyvan; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Park, Eun-Cheol; Peto, Tunde Quang; Pinheiro, Marina; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur Y; Ramulu, Pradeep Y; Renzaho, Andre M; Safi, Sare; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali M; Shaheen, Amira A Ali; Shibuya, Kenji Shibabaw; Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw; Singh, Jasvinder A; Sitorus, Rita S; Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich Aleksandrovna; Soheili, Amin Bekele; Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T; Tran, Bach Xuan; Tsegaye, Gebiyaw K; Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis K; Weldemariam, Abrha Hailay K; Wong, Tien Y; Yu, Chuanhua Sergeevich; Zimsen, Stephanie R; Vos, Theo
The Lancet global health, 02/2021, Letnik: 9, Številka: 2Journal Article
Many causes of vision impairment can be prevented or treated. With an ageing global population, the demands for eye health services are increasing. We estimated the prevalence and relative contribution of avoidable causes of blindness and vision impairment globally from 1990 to 2020. We aimed to compare the results with the World Health Assembly Global Action Plan (WHA GAP) target of a 25% global reduction from 2010 to 2019 in avoidable vision impairment, defined as cataract and undercorrected refractive error. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys of eye disease from January, 1980, to October, 2018. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate prevalence (with 95% uncertainty intervals UIs) of moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI; presenting visual acuity from <6/18 to 3/60) and blindness (<3/60 or less than 10° visual field around central fixation) by cause, age, region, and year. Because of data sparsity at younger ages, our analysis focused on adults aged 50 years and older. Global crude prevalence of avoidable vision impairment and blindness in adults aged 50 years and older did not change between 2010 and 2019 (percentage change −0·2% 95% UI −1·5 to 1·0; 2019 prevalence 9·58 cases per 1000 people 95% IU 8·51 to 10·8, 2010 prevalence 96·0 cases per 1000 people 86·0 to 107·0). Age-standardised prevalence of avoidable blindness decreased by −15·4% –16·8 to −14·3, while avoidable MSVI showed no change (0·5% –0·8 to 1·6). However, the number of cases increased for both avoidable blindness (10·8% 8·9 to 12·4) and MSVI (31·5% 30·0 to 33·1). The leading global causes of blindness in those aged 50 years and older in 2020 were cataract (15·2 million cases 9% IU 12·7–18·0), followed by glaucoma (3·6 million cases 2·8–4·4), undercorrected refractive error (2·3 million cases 1·8–2·8), age-related macular degeneration (1·8 million cases 1·3–2·4), and diabetic retinopathy (0·86 million cases 0·59–1·23). Leading causes of MSVI were undercorrected refractive error (86·1 million cases 74·2–101·0) and cataract (78·8 million cases 67·2–91·4). Results suggest eye care services contributed to the observed reduction of age-standardised rates of avoidable blindness but not of MSVI, and that the target in an ageing global population was not reached. Brien Holden Vision Institute, Fondation Théa, The Fred Hollows Foundation, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lions Clubs International Foundation, Sightsavers International, and University of Heidelberg.
