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Arentsen, Anke; Starkenburg, Else; Aguado, David S; Martin, Nicolas F; Placco, Vinicius M; Carlberg, Raymond; González Hernández, Jonay I; Hill, Vanessa; Jablonka, Pascale; Kordopatis, Georges; Lardo, Carmela; Mashonkina, Lyudmila I; Navarro, Julio F; Venn, Kim A; Buder, Sven; Lewis, Geraint F; Wan, Zhen; Zucker, Daniel B
Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 07/2021, Letnik: 505, Številka: 1Journal Article
ABSTRACT The most metal-deficient stars hold important clues about the early buildup and chemical evolution of the Milky Way, and carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars are of special interest. However, little is known about CEMP stars in the Galactic bulge. In this paper, we use the large spectroscopic sample of metal-poor stars from the Pristine Inner Galaxy Survey (PIGS) to identify CEMP stars ($\rm {C/Fe} \geqslant +0.7$) in the bulge region and to derive a CEMP fraction. We identify 96 new CEMP stars in the inner Galaxy, of which 62 are very metal-poor ($\rm {Fe/H} \lt -2.0$); this is more than a 10-fold increase compared to the seven previously known bulge CEMP stars. The cumulative fraction of CEMP stars in PIGS is $42^{\, +14\, }_{\, -13} {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for stars with $\rm {Fe/H} \lt -3.0$, and decreases to $16^{\, +3\, }_{\, -3} {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for $\rm {Fe/H} \lt -2.5$ and $5.7^{\, +0.6\, }_{\, -0.5} {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for $\rm {Fe/H} \lt -2.0$. The PIGS inner Galaxy CEMP fraction for $\rm {Fe/H} \lt -3.0$ is consistent with the halo fraction found in the literature, but at higher metallicities, the PIGS fraction is substantially lower. While this can partly be attributed to a photometric selection bias, such bias is unlikely to fully explain the low CEMP fraction at higher metallicities. Considering the typical carbon excesses and metallicity ranges for halo CEMP-s and CEMP-no stars, our results point to a possible deficiency of both CEMP-s and CEMP-no stars (especially the more metal-rich) in the inner Galaxy. The former is potentially related to a difference in the binary fraction, whereas the latter may be the result of a fast chemical enrichment in the early building blocks of the inner Galaxy.
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