The article deals with the concept of “The Good Hero of Fairy Tales” in the Russian and Chinese language pictures of the world; identifies the distinctive features (what?) of the universal cultural concept. On the example of the five most common Russian and Chinese fairy tales, the names of the heroes and their origins are analyzed in a contrastive aspect. The study of the texts of fairy tales showed their deep difference: if in Russian fairy tales the positive hero usually bears one name and his image is archetypal, then Chinese fairy tales are distinguished by a variety of positive heroes. Reliance on contrastive research in the practice of teaching foreign languages, in particular, Russian as a foreign language, contributes to the improvement of the process of teaching a second language, helps the student to successfully build his communicative behavior in the context of a dialogue of cultures.