This survey study among adolescents (N = 402) investigates an integrative model that examines (1) the mediating role of adolescents’ fear of missing out (FoMO) in the relationships of adolescents’ need to belong and need for popularity with adolescents’ Facebook use and (2) the relationships of adolescents’ FoMO with adolescents’ perceived stress related to the use of Facebook. Structural equation modeling results indicated that an increased need to belong and an increased need for popularity were associated with an increased use of Facebook. These relationships were mediated by FoMO. Increased FoMO was associated with increased stress related to Facebook use. These results emphasize the important role that FoMO plays in adolescents’ media use and well-being. •Links between adolescents’ FoMO, social needs, Facebook use, and stress are tested.•Adolescents with stronger need for popularity/need to belong experienced more FoMO.•Adolescents high in FoMO used Facebook more intensely.•Adolescents high in FoMO experienced more stress when being unpopular on Facebook.•Adolescents high in FoMO experienced more stress when not belonging on Facebook.