The aim is to overcome the opposition between theory and practice by attempting a chronological and developmental reading (Clot, 1999, pp. 114-119) of the two training mechanisms indicated: tutoring and the thesis (with its defence). Is it perhaps the thesis (the beginning of) a professional itinerary? For this purpose, data from anonymous questionnaires at the end of M2, work and interview reports are called up and inchoative elements are searched for through the identification of obstacles and concerns (Clot, 1999, pp. 56, 62-63, 119) in the link, or not, between the activities covered by the tutoring and the preparation of the thesis on the one hand and professionalism on the other hand.