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Garrett-Bakelman, Francine E; Darshi, Manjula; Green, Stefan J; Gur, Ruben C; Lin, Ling; Macias, Brandon R; McKenna, Miles J; Meydan, Cem; Mishra, Tejaswini; Nasrini, Jad; Piening, Brian D; Rizzardi, Lindsay F; Sharma, Kumar; Siamwala, Jamila H; Taylor, Lynn; Vitaterna, Martha Hotz; Afkarian, Maryam; Afshinnekoo, Ebrahim; Ahadi, Sara; Ambati, Aditya; Arya, Maneesh; Bezdan, Daniela; Callahan, Colin M; Chen, Songjie; Choi, Augustine M K; Chlipala, George E; Contrepois, Kévin; Covington, Marisa; Crucian, Brian E; De Vivo, Immaculata; Dinges, David F; Ebert, Douglas J; Feinberg, Jason I; Gandara, Jorge A; George, Kerry A; Goutsias, John; Grills, George S; Hargens, Alan R; Heer, Martina; Hillary, Ryan P; Hoofnagle, Andrew N; Hook, Vivian Y H; Jenkinson, Garrett; Jiang, Peng; Keshavarzian, Ali; Laurie, Steven S; Lee-McMullen, Brittany; Lumpkins, Sarah B; MacKay, Matthew; Maienschein-Cline, Mark G; Melnick, Ari M; Moore, Tyler M; Nakahira, Kiichi; Patel, Hemal H; Pietrzyk, Robert; Rao, Varsha; Saito, Rintaro; Salins, Denis N; Schilling, Jan M; Sears, Dorothy D; Sheridan, Caroline K; Stenger, Michael B; Tryggvadottir, Rakel; Urban, Alexander E; Vaisar, Tomas; Van Espen, Benjamin; Zhang, Jing; Ziegler, Michael G; Zwart, Sara R; Charles, John B; Kundrot, Craig E; Scott, Graham B I; Bailey, Susan M; Basner, Mathias; Feinberg, Andrew P; Lee, Stuart M C; Mason, Christopher E; Mignot, Emmanuel; Rana, Brinda K; Smith, Scott M; Snyder, Michael P; Turek, Fred W
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 04/2019, Letnik: 364, Številka: 6436Journal Article
To understand the health impact of long-duration spaceflight, one identical twin astronaut was monitored before, during, and after a 1-year mission onboard the International Space Station; his twin served as a genetically matched ground control. Longitudinal assessments identified spaceflight-specific changes, including decreased body mass, telomere elongation, genome instability, carotid artery distension and increased intima-media thickness, altered ocular structure, transcriptional and metabolic changes, DNA methylation changes in immune and oxidative stress-related pathways, gastrointestinal microbiota alterations, and some cognitive decline postflight. Although average telomere length, global gene expression, and microbiome changes returned to near preflight levels within 6 months after return to Earth, increased numbers of short telomeres were observed and expression of some genes was still disrupted. These multiomic, molecular, physiological, and behavioral datasets provide a valuable roadmap of the putative health risks for future human spaceflight.
