Purpose To examine the prevalence of disordered eating (DE) in elite male and female soccer players and the influence of perfectionism. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, elite male ( n  = 137) and female ( n  = 70) soccer players and non-athlete controls ( n  = 179) completed the clinical perfectionism questionnaire (CPQ-12) and the eating attitudes test (EAT-26) to assess perfectionism and DE risk, respectively. Results Male soccer players had higher EAT-26 scores than controls (10.4 ± 9.9 vs. 6.8 ± 6.7; P  = 0.001), but there were no differences in the prevalence of clinical levels of DE (EAT-26 score ≥ 20) (15 vs. 5%, respectively; X 2  = 0.079) The proportion of females with DE risk was higher in controls EAT-26: 13.9 ± 11.6 (25% of population) than female players EAT-26: 10.0 ± 9.0% (11% of population) ( X 2  = 0.001). With linear regression, perfectionism explained 20% of the variation in DE risk in males ( P  = 0.001); in females, athletic status (player vs. control) and perfectionism were significant predictors of DE risk, explaining 21% of the variation ( P  = 0.001). Male reserve team players had higher EAT-26 (+ 3.5) and perfectionism (+ 2.7) scores than first-team players ( P  < 0.05). There were no differences in the prevalence of DE risk between the male and female soccer players ( X 2  = 0.595). Conclusions The prevalence of DE risk was not different in elite male and female soccer players; in fact, the prevalence was greatest in non-athlete female controls. Perfectionism is a significant predictor of DE risk in males and females. Level of evidence III, case–control study.